Are there shared genes between cortical thickness and neurodevelopmental disorders?
Genes that increase a person's risk for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders are also linked to changes in brain structure. Specifically, studies have found that these genetic risks are associated with accelerated thinning of the cortex, the outer layer of the brain involved in thinking and behavior. This thinning happens faster in people with these disorders compared to healthy individuals.
What the research says
A 2024 study found that genes underexpressed in areas where the cortex thins too fast are linked to both common and rare genetic variations for schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders 5. This suggests a shared genetic basis between these conditions and the physical shrinking of brain tissue over time. The study noted that while baseline thickness might differ, the rate of thinning is the key factor tied to these specific genes 5.
Another study analyzed how genetic factors overlap between brain shape and mental health conditions. It found that neurodevelopmental disorders shared fewer specific genetic locations with brain shape but showed more widespread effects across the brain 1. This means the genetic links are not just in one small spot but affect the brain more broadly. However, the direction of these genetic effects varied, meaning the same gene could cause thinning in some areas but not others 1.
Researchers also looked at specific genes like Mllt11, which helps brain cells grow and connect. When this gene is missing in mice, it leads to reduced cortical thickness and social behavior problems similar to autism 6. This supports the idea that specific genes directly influence both brain structure and the behaviors seen in neurodevelopmental disorders. Additionally, studies show that females may need a higher burden of these genetic or structural changes to show symptoms, suggesting complex interactions between genes and brain structure 7.
What to ask your doctor
- How might my family history of neurodevelopmental disorders or schizophrenia affect my risk for changes in brain structure?
- What does current research say about the link between specific genes and accelerated thinning of the brain cortex?
- Are there genetic tests that can help understand the relationship between my brain structure and mental health risks?
- How do environmental factors like stress or nutrition interact with genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about Neurology and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.