High ctDNA levels linked to poorer PFS and OS in hematologic malignancies on ICIs or CAR-T
Blood cancer tests may help predict how well treatments work
This meta-analysis of 484 patients with hematologic malignancies receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T therapy found that high pre…
High levels of tumor DNA in the blood may signal a harder path for patients undergoing specific cancer therapies.
Tumor microenvironment factors drive fate hijacking of dendritic cells into immunosuppressive states
Tumor Environment Hijacks Immune Cells to Help Cancer Grow
This systematic review of 129 publications examines how the tumor microenvironment (TME) influences dendritic cell (DC) fate. The authors co…
Cancer cells can trick immune cells into becoming helpers instead of defenders, creating a major hurdle for current cancer treatments.
Asthma, allergy, and low parental education linked to recurrent respiratory infections in preschoolers
Risk factors for frequent respiratory infections in preschool children
This meta-analysis of 15,271 preschool children estimates the prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) at 24.14% and ide…
New data identifies how asthma, allergies, and environmental factors like smoking increase the risk of repeat respiratory infections in youn…
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy requires multidisciplinary interpretation of ctDNA and imaging to manage biomarker discordance
New Findings Help Interpret Complex Lung Cancer Treatment Results
This narrative review examines the interpretation of biomarker discordance in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer undergoing…
Doctors are finding better ways to interpret complex data when patients with lung cancer undergo neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.
TIM4 restoration enhances hepatocyte clearance and limits stellate cell activation in MASH models
Specific liver cell signals may influence MASH disease progression
This mini review synthesizes preclinical data on TIM4, TREM2, and MerTK signaling in experimental MASH models. The review suggests TIM4 rest…
New research identifies how specific cell receptors influence liver inflammation and scarring in models of a common fatty liver disease.
Non-coding RNAs modulate macrophage polarization and immune microenvironment in breast cancer progression
Non-coding RNAs May Help Reprogram Immune Cells in Breast Cancer
This systematic review of 63 studies examines how non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) influence tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immune suppress…
New research explores how specific non-coding RNAs can reprogram immune cells to potentially improve treatments for breast cancer patients.
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens improve ORR and PFS compared to sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Show Better Results for Certain Kidney Cancer
This meta-analysis of 618 randomized and 150 nonrandomized patients found that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens significantly improved ob…
New analysis shows that PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor treatments may improve response rates and survival for patients with specific types of kidn…
Dupilumab treatment for CRSwNP results in a 7.9% pooled proportion of post-treatment hypereosinophilia
Dupilumab treatment for nasal polyps can cause high eosinophil counts
This meta-analysis of 1,047 patients with CRSwNP found a pooled hypereosinophilia (HE) proportion of 7.9% following dupilumab treatment. Whi…
Patients with nasal polyps taking dupilumab may experience a rise in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, during the first few months of…
JAK/IL-6 blockade may control TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis with macrophage activation syndrome
JAK and IL-6 inhibitors help manage severe dermatomyositis complications
This case-based review describes a single young man with TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis who developed macrophage activation syndrome and ach…
A new case report shows how specific medications can control a dangerous immune response in a young man with a rare muscle disease.
Dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks sustains FEV improvements and low exacerbation rates
Trial Shows Dupilumab Maintains Asthma Control for Long Periods
This open-label extension study of 596 patients with moderate-to-severe asthma in Latin America found that dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks ma…
A long-term study shows that the medication dupilumab helps maintain lung function and lower flare-ups for people with moderate to severe as…
Thrombolytic therapy combined with RAAS inhibitors increases angioedema risk with an OR of 3.12
Managing Risks of Swelling When Combining Blood Thinners and Blood Pressure Meds
This meta-analysis evaluates the risk of angioedema in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy with or without RAAS inhibitors. The analysis…
Doctors are looking at how certain blood pressure drugs can increase the risk of severe swelling when used with clot-busting treatments.
EMA-approved biologics and JAK inhibitors show meaningful short-term EASI-75 responses in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Newer Eczema Drugs Clear Skin for Many, But Comparisons Are Tricky
This systematic review narratively synthesized randomized trials of EMA-approved systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis…
Seven eczema drugs helped 18% to 73% of adults reach clearer skin in 12 to 16 weeks. But trials varied too much to say which works best.
All Allergy & Immunology Articles
- High ctDNA levels linked to poorer PFS and OS in hematologic malignancies on ICIs or CAR-T
- Asthma, allergy, and low parental education linked to recurrent respiratory infections in preschoolers
- Tumor microenvironment factors drive fate hijacking of dendritic cells into immunosuppressive states
- Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy requires multidisciplinary interpretation of ctDNA and imaging to manage biomarker discordance
- TIM4 restoration enhances hepatocyte clearance and limits stellate cell activation in MASH models
- Non-coding RNAs modulate macrophage polarization and immune microenvironment in breast cancer progression
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens improve ORR and PFS compared to sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
- Dupilumab treatment for CRSwNP results in a 7.9% pooled proportion of post-treatment hypereosinophilia
- JAK/IL-6 blockade may control TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis with macrophage activation syndrome
- Dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks sustains FEV improvements and low exacerbation rates
- Thrombolytic therapy combined with RAAS inhibitors increases angioedema risk with an OR of 3.12
- Periostin correlates with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis in multiple solid tumor types
- EMA-approved biologics and JAK inhibitors show meaningful short-term EASI-75 responses in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
- Epigenetic mechanisms regulate T-cell differentiation and activity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
- Intralesional corticosteroid combination therapy shows odds ratio of 2.71 for improved keloid outcomes
- Obesity-induced neuroinflammation and neuroimmunometabolic feedback may reshape the tumor microenvironment in cancer patients
- MRSE Brain Abscess After Stent-Assisted Coiling for Ruptured Aneurysm Treated With Drainage
- Monocyte and macrophage sensing of calciprotein particles triggers inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β release
- Biologics reduce severe asthma exacerbation rates in meta-analysis of 6 RCTs and a case-series
- Specific microRNAs including miR-338-3p and miR-155-5p serve as robust biomarkers for active pemphigus disease
- Immune and chondrocyte ligand-receptor axes drive osteoarthritis progression and offer therapeutic targets
- Natural polyphenol extracts exert multi-target hepatoprotective activities via redox homeostasis and immune responses
- Viral infections in the tumor immune microenvironment modulate immune cell functions and cytokine networks
- Voriconazole used for rare Scedosporium aurantiacum keratitis in a single 80-year-old patient
- suPAR predicts incident CKD and ESKD in adults with preserved kidney function
- FDA Approves Adrenalin (epinephrine) for Anaphylaxis and Septic Shock Hypotension
- FDA Approves Orladeyo (berotralstat) for Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks
- JAK-STAT pathway activation promotes immunosuppressive microenvironments and inhibits immune cell function in breast cancer
- Various mitigation technologies reduce acrylamide levels in thermally processed foods through distinct physical and chemical mechanisms
- Single-cell RNA sequencing characterizes immune cell heterogeneity and metabolic reprogramming in gynecological cancers
- Exercise therapy improves balance and functional mobility in older adults with chronic conditions
- H. pylori shows no overall link to pediatric asthma, but subgroup signals diverge
- Expert consensus identifies 60 to 90 incident C3G cases annually in Italy with 94% agreement
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy improve survival in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer
- Ulcerative Colitis Trials Shift Toward Biologics and Small Molecules Since 2019
- Macrophage-fibroblast interactions drive inflammatory amplification and cartilage-degrading enzyme production in osteoarthritis
- Host-directed therapy including metformin and statins may modulate immune response in tuberculosis patients
- Sequential BTK inhibitor therapy maintains hematological and renal stability in Waldenström macroglobulinemia with renal dysfunction
- Endovascular Therapy Offers Less Invasive Option for Blood Blister-Like Aneurysms
- Single-cell omics identifies TREM2+ macrophages and LAG-3/TIM-3 axis as actionable targets in gynecological cancers
- Single-cell and spatial multi-omics identify structured malignant cell states and immunosuppressive niches in glioblastoma
- CAR-engineered cell therapy remains an experimental platform and lacks clinical validation for asthma treatment
- CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing identifies microbial nucleic acids in culture-negative anaerobic CNS infections
- Type I/III interferon signaling is the most reproducible molecular program in anti-MDA5+ DM-ILD
- Vigorous activity and regular exercise are associated with lower psoriasis prevalence in patients with psoriasis
- FDA Approves Rhapsido for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Inadequately Controlled by H1 Antihistamines
- Validated instruments measure current disease burden in chronic spontaneous urticaria rather than long term prognosis
- IVMP plus efgartigimod ranked highest for mRS improvement in autoimmune encephalitis network meta-analysis
- P-GemOxD with lopinavir/ritonavir ART yields complete metabolic response in HIV-associated ENKTCL
- Resistance training may increase CD4+ T-cell count in adults living with HIV
- Later-line antibody-drug conjugates show 25.7% objective response rate in advanced small-cell lung cancer
- scRNA-seq and AI integration may identify actionable biomarkers and decipher resistance in glioblastoma
- TNF-alpha inhibitors are the most frequent biological agents associated with de novo vitiligo development
- Intravenous immunoglobulin significantly improves skin involvement and gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic sclerosis patients
- Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition drives fibrosis across kidney, heart, lung, liver, and retina
- Leakage-based imaging is not a reliable surrogate for immune-cell entry in glioblastoma
- Keratinocyte necroptosis contributes to epidermal barrier compromise in inflammatory skin diseases and acute injuries
- Balanced human microbiota supports regulatory T-cell responses and barrier integrity in immune-mediated diseases
- piRNA expression may serve as a biomarker for inhaled corticosteroid response in children with asthma
- Depemokimab reduces exacerbation rates in patients with eosinophilic asthma without improving symptom scores
- FF/UMEC/VI Triples Odds of Asthma Clinical Remission at 52 Weeks
- Spatial oligonucleotide immuno-reprogramming model provides a conceptual research framework for multiple myeloma study
- Evaluating the Prognostic Value of ACQ-5 Scores in Predicting Asthma Exacerbations
- SPP1 perturbation improves anti-PD-1 and adoptive cell therapy responses in colorectal cancer models
- Climate awareness and motivation factors influence meat consumption choices in children and adolescents
- Immunocytokines offer improved safety profiles compared to systemic cytokine therapy in cancer treatment
- Bispecific antibody therapy achieves 65.54% objective response rate in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
- FDA Approves Claritin (loratadine) for Hay Fever and Upper Respiratory Allergy Symptoms
- Mtb antigen-induced IP-10 shows pooled sensitivity 0.81 and specificity 0.88 for latent TB
- Umbilical cord blood-derived extracellular vesicles show promise for postpartum alopecia in preclinical models
- Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms like attenuated IFNGR-JAK-STAT1 responsiveness and altered antigen presentation impact bladder cancer immunity
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy combination improves pathological response in gastric adenocarcinoma
- Digital educational interventions combining food literacy and sustainability targets show preliminary evidence for adolescent engagement
- Interleukin inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis are associated with increased risk of serious infections and discontinuations
- Biological heterogeneity and overlapping phenotypes complicate the classification of allergic rhinitis cases
- Distinct genetic architectures and lung eQTLs differentiate mild from moderate-to-severe asthma phenotypes
- Hypoxia coordinates cancer stem cell phenotypes with immune-related mechanisms and therapeutic resistance in cancer
- Immune-Fibrotic Framework Links Endometriosis and Adenomyosis to Non-Hormonal Targets
- OM-85 did not significantly reduce time to first wheezing lower respiratory tract illness in high-risk children
- Thymosin alpha1 plus chemotherapy improves response rates and immune markers in gastric cancer
- Nasal tissue-resident memory T cells may provide a framework for understanding allergic rhinitis relapse
- Knee osteoarthritis research trends show increasing focus on metabolic syndrome and inflammatory signaling
- Anti-KLHL11 encephalitis requires extensive tumor screening as clinical features do not distinguish from malignancy
- CD4+ T cell subset imbalance drives renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease
- Integrated nutritional support strategies improve food access and early management of childhood malnutrition
- FDA Approves Joenja (leniolisib) for Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome in Patients 12 and Older
- Anti-rituximab antibodies are associated with lower rituximab levels and increased relapse rates in nephropathies
- Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells balance immune homeostasis and offer potential for inflammatory disease treatment
- Expert consensus provides a framework for harmonizing HLH diagnosis and management in GCC countries
- Thymectomy and immunotherapy improve symptoms in a patient with myasthenia gravis and paraneoplastic syndrome
- Cow's milk consumption supports physical growth, bone health, and cognitive performance in healthy children
- Biologics provide effective and long-lasting disease control for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
- MMR status-guided immunotherapy provides favorable cost-effectiveness and quality-adjusted survival in dMMR/MSI-H endometrial cancer
- B-cell targeted therapies show durable immune responses in pemphigus vulgaris and myasthenia gravis
- Add-on therapies fail to beat placebo in cutaneous sarcoidosis, but quality of life may improve
- Mitophagy acts as a core barrier to effective immunotherapy in melanoma and other skin cancers
- Autoantibody positivity and false-negative cytology can mask invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma in patients with IPAF
- Several risk factors including early-life antibiotic use and maternal OCP exposure increase allergic rhinitis risk
- Structured clinical data models show moderate discrimination for predicting relapsing multiple sclerosis outcomes
- Tumor immune microenvironment heterogeneity between thyroid and colorectal cancer drives distinct immune evasion mechanisms
- HLA-B alleles B*39:01, B*13:01, and B*38:02 serve as markers for sulfasalazine-induced SCARs in Asian populations
- Digital assessment modalities show feasibility and reliability in Myasthenia Gravis but lack independent validation
- DNA vaccines against MCPyV LTAg and STAg show potential for Merkel cell carcinoma immunotherapy
- Perioperative and postoperative immunotherapy timing determines clinical outcomes in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Comprehensive-component subcutaneous immunotherapy shows the most favorable symptom score reduction in allergic rhinitis
- Erythrocytes function as immunomodulatory participants and potential drivers of pathology in post-traumatic environments
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation provides salvage for refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenia in a child
- Vunakizumab may induce severe ulcerative colitis and hepatic enzyme elevation in patients with psoriatic arthritis
- Cryopreserved PBMC starting material is a feasible approach for CAR-T cell manufacturing in hematological malignancies
- High Siglec-15 Tumor Expression Tied to Worse Survival
- CAR-engineered immune cells and Treg-cell therapies show biological plausibility but limited human evidence in IBD
- Therapeutic extracellular vesicles may curb inflammation and restore mitochondrial quality in osteoarthritis
- Statin use is associated with improved overall survival and progression-free survival in lung cancer
- mTOR-glycolytic axis activation drives inflammatory loops and mucosal barrier dysfunction in ulcerative colitis
- Ferroptosis and the GPX4 axis contribute to inflammation and barrier dysfunction in autoimmune uveitis
- Depemokimab shows no significant difference from other biologics in reducing severe asthma exacerbations
- Higher school asthma readiness associated with 1.44 odds of asthma exacerbations in children
- 2-octyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives are associated with a 4% incidence of allergic contact dermatitis
- Dupilumab and cendakimab show moderate-to-high certainty benefit for dysphagia in eosinophilic esophagitis
- Postmortem tryptase concentration shows high diagnostic accuracy for identifying fatal anaphylaxis in forensic cases
- Press-needle therapy as an adjunct to medication improves clinical efficacy in pediatric allergic rhinitis
- Nasal saline irrigation significantly reduces nasal symptoms and rescue antihistamine use in pediatric allergic rhinitis
- ALC decline greater than 0.74x10^9/L independently predicts poorer OS and PFS in LA-HNSCC
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors increase risk of myocarditis and other cardiac toxicities in patients
- Small bowel metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma shows male predominance and 6-month median survival
- E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate DNA repair and promote resistance in gastrointestinal malignancies
- Daratumumab improves progression-free survival in patients with cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma
- Plectin knockdown and troglitazone treatment inhibit growth and migration in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines
- Organ-specific metastatic niches at vascular-immune interfaces shape the fate of disseminated tumor cells
- mRNA vaccines reshape tumor microenvironment and induce durable anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer
- Platelet-rich plasma, autologous serum, and cyclosporine A show specific benefits in Sjögren's syndrome dry eye
- FDA Approves Takhzyro (lanadelumab-flyo) for Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks
- Artificial intelligence applications in pediatric nutrition show mixed results for dietary assessment and meal planning
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy increase pathological complete response rate by 2.91 RR
- Metabolic parameters MTV and TLG predict poorer survival in NSCLC patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors
- D-VRd ranks highest for progression-free survival among anti-CD38 regimens in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma
- Photoacoustic imaging enables label-free real-time tumor microenvironment visualization in oncology
- Welding fume exposure induces acute-phase proteins, cytokines, and neutrophilic responses in respiratory immune activation
- Serum complement C3 levels are elevated in polycystic ovary syndrome, meta-analysis finds
- Pyruvylation of STAT1 at Lys201 suppresses type I interferon signaling during high glucose glycolysis
- EGFR inhibitors are associated with a 52.30% pooled incidence of all-grade rash in patients with tumors
- Engineered nanobodies offer programmable platform to overcome limitations of conventional antibodies in angiogenic diseases
- Mitochondrial dysfunction shapes immune cell function across sepsis phases, review finds
- Azithromycin does not reduce severity of wheezing symptoms more than placebo in preschool children
- Finger millet supports sustainable nutrition and climate resilience as an underutilized grain for functional foods
- Inflammatory ovarian remodeling drives premature ovarian insufficiency; cell therapy and mitochondrial protection emerge as targets
- Bidirectional virus-metabolism interaction in chronic hepatitis B and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
- Host-targeting antivirals offer a potential transformative treatment strategy for rhinovirus infection
- Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy improves ORR and OS in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer
- Talquetamab monotherapy linked to 51% any-grade infection rate in relapsed/refractory myeloma
- Vonoprazan therapy associated with anaphylaxis in a patient with pollen-food allergy syndrome
- Community governance models for nutrition-oriented care aim to reduce survival disparities across multiple cancers
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response drive thyrocyte apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction
- Alpha-gal syndrome review: delayed reactions, 15,000 new US cases yearly
- Nanotechnology may overcome immune checkpoint blockade resistance in esophageal cancer by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment
- Surfactant protein D serves as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic agent in various cancers
- Cell surface glycoRNAs engage immune receptors, influencing neutrophil trafficking and immune activation
- HLA alleles and haplotypes influence the magnitude of CMV and EBV specific T-cell responses
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors show limited activity in unselected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma without specific biomarkers
- HLA-B*13:01 screening shows strong association with Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome in leprosy patients
- B7-H3-targeted ADCs achieve 54% objective response rate in previously treated small cell lung cancer
- Ixekizumab Q2W shows highest P-score among IL-17 inhibitors for active psoriatic arthritis
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Krabbe disease is associated with 84% overall survival
- Anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies increase lymphocyte cytotoxicity against various human cancer cells in experimental systems
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy increase pathological complete response in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer
- FDA Approves Xolair (omalizumab) for IgE-Mediated Food Allergy
- Antenatal factors in the fetal exposome may program neonatal immune development via epigenetic mechanisms
- Framework Maps Skin-Nose Link in Pediatric Allergy
- IL-10 Levels Predict Mortality in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia
- Intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the unique aromatic profile of Qingke products during processing
- Three-dose HPV vaccine regimens provide highest seroconversion rates and protection against persistent infection
- Aberrant IgG glycosylation correlates with cancer progression and serves as a novel aging-associated factor
- PD-(L)1 plus VEGF monoclonal antibody shows most favorable overall survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
- Postoperative food allergen exposure may impede wound healing through inflammatory responses and delayed angiogenesis
- Pharmacokinetic and clinical data inform therapeutic selection for difficult to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa CNS infections
- Ivonescimab-containing chemoimmunotherapy can trigger rare ADAMTS13 inhibitor-positive immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- FDA Approves Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil) for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis
- FDA Approves Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil) for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis
- Cloud-based intelligent management system improves medication adherence 89.2% vs 58.0% in pediatric asthma
- Depemokimab maintains trough concentrations 90% above EC level with predicted half-life of 47 days
- Nanomedicine platforms reshape osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment, showing strong preclinical potential
- Asthma and COPD are associated with significantly increased risk of pertussis infection
- High-dose omega-3 PUFA and EPA significantly reduce risk of asthma and wheezing in children
- FDA Approves Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil) for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis
- FDA Approves Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil) for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis
- FDA Approves Myhibbin (mycophenolate mofetil) for Organ Rejection Prophylaxis
- Triple consolidation with CAR T cells yields sustained remission in relapsed BPDCN
- Chemo combinations with ivonescimab, sacituzumab tirumotecan, and amivantamab show significant progression-free survival benefits
- Bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone achieved remission in a patient with AL amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome
- Combination Immunotherapy Improves Outcomes for BCG Unresponsive Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
- Financial toxicity and food insecurity create a health-economic pathway impacting nutrition in women with cancer
- Lower baseline soluble PD-L1 levels correlate with improved progression-free and overall survival in NSCLC
- TKI plus chemotherapy achieves deep molecular remission in Ph+ leukemia case with diagnostic framework
- Immunonutrition may improve management of radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients
- Calcium homeostasis dysregulation serves as an integrative regulatory node in allergic rhinitis inflammation
- Sintilimab may trigger autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
- Diverse therapeutic approaches including immunotherapy are utilized for patients with occult squamous cell carcinoma
- Metabolic checkpoints like lactate and adenosine drive immune escape and resistance to checkpoint blockade
- Lower serum vitamin D levels correlate with increased severity in chronic rhinosinusitis
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce antimicrobial resistance through direct suppression and reduced antibiotic exposure