Does aerobic exercise reduce postpartum depressive symptoms and improve quality of life?

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects many new mothers, and finding safe, effective treatments is important. Aerobic exercise — activities like brisk walking, jogging, or swimming — has been studied as a low-cost, low-risk option. Research consistently shows that regular aerobic exercise can reduce depressive symptoms and improve health-related quality of life in the postpartum period.

What the research says

A 2025 meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials involving 2,865 women found that aerobic exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved health-related quality of life, with moderate to large effect sizes ⁶. This builds on earlier evidence: a 2017 meta-analysis of 13 trials (1,734 women) also found exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms (standardized mean difference -0.44) ¹⁰. A 2025 systematic review of 35 studies (4,072 participants) reported that exercise-only interventions reduced the severity of postpartum depressive symptoms (moderate effect) and cut the odds of developing PPD by 45% ¹¹. The same review noted that to achieve at least a moderate reduction in symptoms, about 80 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise may be needed ¹¹. Importantly, these benefits appear to apply whether or not a woman has a formal depression diagnosis ¹⁰. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, exercise is thought to improve mood through neurobiological pathways, stress reduction, and better sleep ⁶.

What to ask your doctor

• What types and amounts of aerobic exercise are safe for me after childbirth?
• Could an exercise program be a helpful addition to my current treatment plan for postpartum depression?
• Are there any medical conditions or delivery complications that might limit my ability to exercise?
• How can I gradually increase my activity level without overdoing it?
• Should I be screened for postpartum depression before starting an exercise program?