Does aging increase my risk of Herpes Zoster according to recent genomic studies?
Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Aging is a well-known risk factor, and recent genomic studies are uncovering the biological reasons behind this link. Research shows that as people age, their immune system's ability to control VZV declines, and certain genetic variations may further increase susceptibility. This page explains what recent genomic studies reveal about aging and shingles risk.
What the research says
A 2025 study directly measured VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in healthy adults aged 40 to 80 years. It found that VZV-specific CMI declined significantly starting at age 40, while latent viral load (the amount of dormant virus in the blood) increased from age 50 onward 8. This age-related drop in immune control is a key reason older adults are more prone to shingles.
Genomic research has identified shared genetic signals that link aging, autoimmune conditions, and herpes zoster. A large-scale study integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found a pleiotropic signal in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, tagged by rs1800628, that is associated with both aging and increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis and herpes zoster 2. This genetic variation may drive systemic immune changes, including higher levels of inflammatory markers and altered T-cell regulation, which could predispose individuals to VZV reactivation 2.
Other studies confirm that aging is a consistent risk factor across different populations. A meta-analysis of rheumatoid arthritis patients found that older age was significantly associated with higher odds of herpes zoster (OR 1.12 per year increase) 1. Similarly, an Italian study of hospitalized patients reported that aging is the most well-known risk factor for herpes zoster 10. These findings align with the genomic evidence that aging-related immune decline is a fundamental driver of shingles risk.
What to ask your doctor
- Given my age, what is my personal risk of developing shingles?
- Should I consider getting the shingles vaccine (RZV) to reduce my risk?
- Are there any blood tests that can assess my immune response to the varicella-zoster virus?
- If I have an autoimmune condition like rheumatoid arthritis, how does that affect my shingles risk?
- What early symptoms of shingles should I watch for as I get older?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about Geriatrics & Aging and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.