How does periodontitis affect my risk for coronary heart disease?
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory gum disease that affects the tissues supporting your teeth. Research suggests that the inflammation from periodontitis may spread throughout the body and contribute to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is the buildup of plaque in the heart's arteries. While studies show a consistent association, it is not yet proven that periodontitis directly causes CHD. However, taking care of your gums may be an important part of protecting your heart health.
What the research says
Multiple studies have found that people with periodontitis have a higher risk of developing coronary heart disease. A review of the evidence notes that epidemiological studies and meta-analyses consistently link periodontitis with increased risks of CHD, stroke, and cardiovascular death, even after accounting for traditional risk factors like smoking and high blood pressure 6. A 2020 review also supports this association, stating that the link is backed by reliable biological evidence, including that periodontitis may worsen factors such as high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels, and a tendency for blood to clot 10.
The connection is thought to be driven by chronic inflammation. Periodontitis causes inflammation in the gums, and this inflammation can enter the bloodstream and affect blood vessels throughout the body 6. This chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, the process of plaque buildup in arteries that leads to CHD 610. Additionally, bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream and may directly contribute to plaque formation 10.
It is important to note that while the association is strong, researchers have not proven that periodontitis directly causes CHD. The studies cannot fully rule out that other shared risk factors, such as smoking or diabetes, might explain the link 6. A 2023 study used machine learning to create a prediction model for CHD risk specifically in people with periodontitis, highlighting that the two conditions are closely related 11. Another review from 2015 also suggests a possible connection between dental infections and heart disease, but notes that the evidence is not conclusive 9.
What to ask your doctor
- Given my gum health, what is my personal risk for heart disease?
- Would treating my periodontitis help lower my overall cardiovascular risk?
- How often should I see a dentist to manage gum inflammation and potentially protect my heart?
- Are there any specific signs of gum disease I should watch for, especially if I have other heart risk factors?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about this topic and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.