How does respiratory syncytial virus co-circulate with human metapneumovirus in the United States?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are both common causes of respiratory illness, especially in children and older adults. In the United States, these two viruses often circulate at the same time, particularly during late winter and spring. This means that during certain months, both viruses can be detected in the community, sometimes causing similar symptoms. Understanding their co-circulation helps public health officials prepare for respiratory virus seasons.
What the research says
A US report specifically describes the co-circulation of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, noting that both viruses are detected during the same respiratory seasons 6. This pattern is consistent with earlier research showing that hMPV and RSV can co-circulate and cause similar illnesses, ranging from mild upper respiratory infections to severe lower respiratory tract disease 8. Studies from other countries also support this: in Beijing, China, hMPV was the third most common virus detected in children with pneumonia, after RSV and rhinovirus, and both viruses were found during overlapping periods 9. In adults with influenza-like illness, RSV and hMPV were among the viruses detected alongside influenza, indicating that multiple respiratory viruses circulate simultaneously 10. Surveillance data from the US also track RSV alongside influenza and COVID-19, providing a broader picture of respiratory virus activity 45. Overall, the evidence shows that RSV and hMPV regularly co-circulate, especially during the winter and spring months, and that their clinical presentations can be similar.
What to ask your doctor
- What are the main differences in symptoms between RSV and human metapneumovirus?
- Is there a test available to tell which virus is causing my or my child's respiratory symptoms?
- Are there any specific treatments or preventive measures for RSV or hMPV?
- How can I protect myself or my family during the peak co-circulation season?
- Should I consider vaccination for RSV if I am in a high-risk group?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about this topic and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.