Retrospective study describes injury patterns and tetanus vaccination practices in Hangzhou trauma patients
A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2,825 trauma and animal-injury patients who received tetanus vaccination in Sandun Town, Hangzhou. The study described injury characteristics and vaccination practices without a formal comparator group. The most common injury types were animal-induced injuries (1,029 cases, 36.4%) and traffic accident injuries (943 cases, 33.4%), followed by cutting injuries (374 cases, 13.2%), blunt force injuries (242 cases, 8.6%), and other causes (237 cases, 8.4%). The upper limb was the most common injury site across all categories (56.7–74.1%), and employees/workers were the predominant occupational group (56.4–76.4%). Notably, high-risk wounds were observed in 88.2–98.9% of patients, yet the use of passive immunizing agents (tetanus immunoglobulin) was generally low, ranging from 2.1% to 10.4%, with the highest rate in animal-induced injuries. Females were the majority in animal-induced injuries (53.3%), while males predominated in other trauma categories. No safety or adverse event data were reported. Key limitations include the observational, descriptive nature of the study, which cannot establish causality, and the authors' note that gaps persist compared with developed countries, mainly reflected in the underutilization of passive immunizing agents for high-risk wounds and inconsistent application of guidelines. The practice relevance is restrained to informing local public health strategies; the authors suggest targeted education for students, migrant workers, and pet owners—particularly during warmer months—and continued training for healthcare personnel in this specific setting.
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