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Virtual reality provides restorative escape and active participation for patients in intensive care unitsVirtual reality offers patients a way to escape ICU distress

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Key Takeaway
Note that VR may provide restorative escape and active participation for ICU patients, depending on patient readiness.

This qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis explores the perceptions, experiences, and implementation considerations of virtual reality (VR) interventions for patients in intensive care units (ICU). The synthesis of data from 247 patients identifies VR as a valuable tool for providing restorative escape and facilitating a transition from passive endurance to active participation in the recovery process.

Key findings suggest that patient readiness and personal preference are critical factors shaping engagement with VR technology. Furthermore, the authors characterize VR as a co-produced intervention that requires specific contextual and relational adaptation to be effective in the ICU environment. These findings suggest that VR may offer a non-pharmacological approach to support patient well-being and provide relief from distress during intensive care.

Limitations noted include the fact that not all patients may be suitable candidates for these interventions. Clinical implementation may be enhanced by using bed-compatible devices, customizable content, and specific staff training. Nurses are identified as key facilitators in assessing patient readiness and managing sessions. The evidence is currently limited to qualitative perceptions rather than quantified clinical outcomes.

Being in an intensive care unit is often a period of passive endurance. Patients are frequently stuck in beds, facing constant medical procedures and the stress of a high-stakes environment. New research into virtual reality (VR) suggests it can change that experience by offering a restorative escape.

By using VR, patients can move toward active participation in their recovery. Instead of just enduring the environment, they can engage with digital content that provides a mental break. The study looked at 247 patients and found that while VR is a helpful tool, its success depends on the patient's personal preference and their readiness to engage with the technology.

Because VR is a shared experience between the patient and the staff, it requires careful coordination. Nurses play a vital role in making sure the technology fits the specific needs of the patient. While not every patient may be a suitable candidate for VR, it offers a non-drug way to support well-being and provide a much-needed distraction from the stress of the ICU.

What this means for you:
Virtual reality can provide a restorative escape and a way for ICU patients to actively participate in their recovery.

Common questions

How can virtual reality help patients in the ICU?

Virtual reality can provide a restorative escape from the stress of the intensive care unit. It allows patients to move from a state of passive endurance to active participation. This non-pharmacological approach can provide a meaningful focus and relief from distress while helping patients engage more with their rehabilitation.

Is virtual reality safe for all patients in intensive care?

While virtual reality is generally acceptable, not all patients may be suitable candidates for the technology. Success depends on the patient's personal preference and their readiness to engage. Because it is a co-produced intervention, it requires careful adaptation to the specific context and the needs of the individual patient.

What role do nurses play in using virtual reality for patients?

Nurses play a key role in facilitating these sessions. They are responsible for assessing a patient's readiness and ensuring the technology is used correctly. To make the experience better, the study suggests that staff training and the use of comfortable, bed-compatible devices can help improve how the technology is delivered.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 247
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedNov 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: As Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survival improves, attention has shifted towards patients' psychological well-being and recovery. Although Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly used in critical care, patients' experiences of VR interventions have not been comprehensively synthesised. AIM: To synthesise qualitative and mixed-methods evidence regarding ICU patients' perceptions, experiences and implementation-related considerations associated with VR interventions. METHODS: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis following Thomas and Harden's three-stage approach was conducted. Eight databases were searched from inception to September 2025. Studies employing qualitative methods or components of mixed methods exploring ICU patients' firsthand VR experiences were included. Methodological quality was appraised using the JBI checklist. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 247 participants were included. Four analytical themes were synthesised: (A) VR as a restorative escape, (B) VR as a route from passive endurance to active participation, (C) Patient readiness and personal preference shape VR engagement, and (D) VR as a co-produced intervention requiring contextual and relational adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients perceived VR as a valuable tool that provided restorative escape and enabled active recovery, yet multiple barriers shaped its feasibility. Implementation should consider comfortable devices, customisable content and staff training. These findings inform patient-centred VR design in the ICU. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: VR offers a non-pharmacological approach that may support patient well-being and recovery during an ICU stay. It can provide meaningful focus and relief from distress, while encouraging engagement with rehabilitation. Nurses play a key role in facilitating sessions and assessing patient readiness. Implementation may be enhanced by comfortable, bed-compatible devices, customisable content and staff training. While not all patients may be suitable candidates, VR appears generally acceptable and could be integrated into individualised care plans. REVIEW REGISTRATION: The review protocol had been registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews). The registration number is CRD420251074650.
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