Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Printing orientation significantly affects mechanical properties and accuracy of 3D-printed dental prosthesesPrinting orientation affects strength and accuracy of 3D dental prostheses

AI-generated summary of the cited source, checked by automated accuracy review. How we work

Key Takeaway
Note that printing orientation affects mechanical strength and precision, but no universal optimal angle exists for marginal fit.

This systematic review synthesizes findings from approximately 20 in vitro studies to evaluate how printing orientation (such as 0°, 30°, 45°, vertical, and oblique) affects the mechanical properties, accuracy, and marginal fit of 3D-printed full-coverage dental prostheses.

The review indicates that mechanical properties, specifically flexural and compressive strength, are significantly affected by orientation, particularly in vertically or obliquely oriented specimens. Conversely, microhardness, density, and porosity were less influenced by printing orientation. Accuracy metrics, including trueness and precision, showed significant improvement with specific angles such as 0°, 30°, and 45°.

A key limitation noted is that no universally optimal printing angle was identified for marginal fit, as results were highly dependent on experimental conditions. While oblique orientations are suggested to provide a favorable balance between mechanical strength and accuracy, the lack of a definitive optimal angle for all parameters suggests caution in selecting specific orientations without considering local variables. The findings are based on in vitro data and do not directly reflect clinical outcomes.

When patients receive 3D-printed dental prostheses, the success of that piece depends on more than just the material. It also depends on how the object is positioned during the printing process. This study looked at how different angles—like vertical or slanted positions—impact the physical properties of these dental pieces.

Researchers found that the orientation significantly affects mechanical strength, especially in vertical or oblique (tilted) positions. While factors like density and hardness were less affected by the angle, accuracy and precision improved when using specific angles like 0, 30, or 45 degrees. These findings suggest that choosing an oblique orientation can offer a good balance between making a piece strong enough to last and accurate enough to fit well.

It is important to note that this research was conducted in a lab setting rather than in patients' mouths. While certain angles improve strength and precision, the study did not find one single perfect angle for every type of dental fit. Because results can vary based on specific conditions, your dentist will still need to determine the best approach for your unique case.

What this means for you:
Printing a dental prosthesis at an oblique angle can balance mechanical strength with better accuracy and precision.

Common questions

Does the angle of 3D printing affect how strong a dental piece is?

Yes, the orientation during printing significantly affects mechanical properties like flexural and compressive strength. Specifically, pieces printed in vertical or oblique (tilted) positions showed significant changes in strength compared to other orientations.

Does the printing angle make the dental prosthesis fit better?

The study found that accuracy and precision improved significantly at specific angles like 0, 30, and 45 degrees. However, there is no single universal angle that guarantees a perfect marginal fit every time because it depends on many different experimental conditions.

What are the benefits of using an oblique printing orientation?

Oblique orientations are generally favored because they provide a favorable balance between mechanical strength and accuracy. This helps ensure the dental prosthesis is both durable enough to withstand use and precise enough for a good fit.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
This systematic review evaluated the influence of 3D printing orientation on the mechanical properties, accuracy, and marginal fit of full-coverage dental prostheses. A comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for in vitro studies published between January 2014 and June 2024. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines based on a predefined PICO framework, in vitro studies assessed the printing orientation of 3D-printed full-coverage dental prostheses over the past ten years and published in English were included. Data extraction focused on printing orientation, technology, evaluation methods, and outcomes. About 20 studies were included. Printing orientation significantly affected mechanical properties, including flexural and compressive strength, particularly in vertically or obliquely oriented specimens, whereas microhardness, density, and porosity were less influenced. Trueness and precision were significantly improved by printing orientation angles such as 0°, 30°, and 45°, while the greatest deviations were reported at 45°, depending on prosthesis type, tooth morphology, and printer system. Marginal fit was highly dependent on experimental conditions, with no universally optimal printing angle identified. Overall, printing orientation plays a critical role in the functional and dimensional performance of 3D-printed dental prostheses. Oblique orientations generally provide a favorable balance between mechanical strength and accuracy.
Free Newsletter

Clinical research that matters. Delivered to your inbox.

Join thousands of clinicians and researchers. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.