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Underwater ESD achieves 99% en bloc resection for duodenal tumors, meta-analysis findsUnderwater endoscopic technique shows promise for treating duodenal tumors

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Key Takeaway
Consider U-ESD for duodenal tumors, but interpret outcomes cautiously due to limited retrospective evidence.

This meta-analysis pooled data from retrospective studies involving 298 lesions in patients with duodenal tumors treated with underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (U-ESD). The analysis focused on outcomes including en bloc resection, R0 resection, procedure time, adverse events, and complete mucosal defect closure.

Pooled results showed an en bloc resection rate of 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%) and an R0 resection rate of 89% (95% CI, 81%-93%). The mean procedure time was 59 minutes (95% CI, 48-70 min). Adverse events included intraoperative perforation in 5% (95% CI, 1%-23%), delayed perforation in 1% (95% CI, 0%-3%), and delayed bleeding in 2% (95% CI, 1%-5%).

The authors note that the evidence is limited, with potential biases and concerns regarding generalizability. The retrospective nature of the included studies means that associations, not causal effects, are reported.

Despite these limitations, the findings suggest that U-ESD is a feasible treatment option for duodenal tumors, associated with favorable clinical outcomes. However, caution is advised when interpreting these results due to the limited evidence and potential biases.

Doctors are looking for better ways to treat tumors in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. A recent review of 298 cases shows that a technique called Underwater Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (U-ESD) can be a practical way to remove these growths. This method allows doctors to remove the tumor in one piece nearly every time.

The data shows that U-ESD achieved an en bloc resection rate of 99 percent. It also reached an R0 resection rate, meaning the goal of removing all visible tumor tissue, in 89 percent of cases. While the procedure took about 59 minutes on average, safety remains a priority. The study reported low rates for immediate perforation (5 percent), delayed perforation (1 percent), and delayed bleeding (2 percent).

While these results are encouraging, it is important to keep things in perspective. Because the evidence comes from limited studies, there are concerns about how well these results apply to every patient. Doctors should consider these findings as one piece of the puzzle when deciding on the best treatment path for a specific case.

What this means for you:
U-ESD is a feasible way to remove duodenal tumors in one piece with low rates of complications.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedAug 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (U-ESD) has recently been introduced as a technique that may improve visualization and submucosal layer expansion. However, the clinical outcomes of U-ESD for duodenal tumors have not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of U-ESD for duodenal tumors through a systematic review and meta-analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to December 12, 2025. Studies evaluating U-ESD for duodenal tumors were included. Primary outcomes included en bloc resection, R0 resection, procedure time, adverse events, and complete mucosal defect closure. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Four retrospective studies comprising 298 lesions treated with U-ESD were included. The pooled procedure time was 59 min (95% CI, 48-70 min; I = 72%). The pooled en bloc resection rate was 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%; I = 0%), and the pooled R0 resection rate was 89% (95% CI, 81%-93%; I = 54%). The pooled intraoperative perforation rate was 5% (95% CI, 1%-23%; I = 88%). The pooled delayed perforation and delayed bleeding rates were 1% (95% CI, 0%-3%; I = 0%) and 2% (95% CI, 1%-5%; I = 0%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that U-ESD is a feasible treatment option for duodenal tumors and is associated with favorable clinical outcomes. However, the available evidence remains limited, and potential biases and concerns regarding generalizability warrant cautious interpretation of these findings.
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