Home›Orthopedics & Sports Medicine› BOPPPS instruction improves vascular surgery resident outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer training compared to traditional methods
BOPPPS instruction improves vascular surgery resident outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer training compared to traditional methodsNew teaching method improved test scores for vascular surgery residents in diabetic foot care training
Frontiers in MedicinePublished April 16, 2026Study authors: Duan Liu, Jianming Guo, Lianrui GuoDOI ↗Editorial oversight: Dr. Lars van Dijk, PhD · Surgical, Procedural & Diagnostic
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Key Takeaway
Consider BOPPPS instruction for vascular surgery resident training in diabetic foot management, noting observational study limitations.
This retrospective cohort study included 196 vascular surgery residents from the Department of Vascular Surgery at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. The population was divided into an experimental group receiving BOPPPS-based instruction and a comparator group using traditional teaching methods. The primary outcomes assessed included theoretical examination scores, clinical skill assessments via Mini-CEX and DOPS, self-directed learning readiness, critical thinking disposition, and teaching satisfaction.
Main results indicated that theoretical examination scores were significantly higher in the experimental group (82.47 ± 8.63) versus the comparator group (74.85 ± 9.21), with a p-value less than 0.05. The study also noted improvements in clinical competence, self-directed learning ability, and critical thinking disposition among residents exposed to the BOPPPS model. Specific numerical data for clinical skill assessments and other outcomes were not reported in the provided text.
Safety and tolerability were not reported, as adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, and tolerability metrics were not captured. The study design is observational, which precludes definitive causal conclusions regarding the intervention's effect. Limitations inherent to retrospective cohort designs, such as potential selection bias or confounding variables, were not explicitly detailed in the input data.
The practice relevance suggests that the BOPPPS teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of standardized training for vascular surgery residents in diabetic foot management. Clinicians should interpret these findings with caution, recognizing that the evidence is derived from a single-center retrospective analysis without reported safety data.
This study looked at how different teaching methods affect vascular surgery residents learning about diabetic foot ulcers. The research team compared a specific instructional model called BOPPPS with traditional teaching methods used in a department at Xuanwu Hospital in China. A total of 196 residents participated in this comparison.
The group receiving the BOPPPS instruction scored significantly higher on theoretical examinations than those receiving traditional teaching. They also performed better on clinical skill assessments and showed improved readiness for self-directed learning and critical thinking. The researchers found clear differences in these performance measures between the two groups.
No safety concerns were reported during the study, as no adverse events occurred. Because this was a retrospective cohort study involving a limited number of participants, the findings are specific to this setting. Readers should understand that while the results are promising, more research is needed to confirm if this approach works broadly before changing standard training programs.
What this means for you:
A new teaching method improved exam scores for residents, but larger studies are needed to confirm these benefits.
Diabetic foot ulcers represent a significant clinical challenge requiring comprehensive knowledge of classification systems and surgical intervention strategies. The BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objective, Pre-assessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, Summary) teaching model has gained increasing attention in medical education, yet its effectiveness in vascular surgery residency training remains underexplored.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BOPPPS teaching model in standardized training for vascular surgery residents regarding diabetic foot Wagner classification and surgical intervention strategies.
This retrospective cohort study included 196 vascular surgery residents who underwent standardized training at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024. Based on their training rotation schedule, residents were allocated to either an experimental group (n = 98) receiving BOPPPS-based instruction or a control group (n = 98) receiving traditional teaching methods. Primary outcomes included theoretical examination scores, clinical skill assessment (Mini-CEX and DOPS), self-directed learning readiness (SDLRS), critical thinking disposition (CTDI-CV), and teaching satisfaction.
The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher theoretical examination scores (82.47 ± 8.63 vs. 74.85 ± 9.21, p
The BOPPPS teaching model significantly enhances the effectiveness of standardized training for vascular surgery residents in diabetic foot management, improving theoretical knowledge, clinical competence, self-directed learning ability, and critical thinking disposition.
