Qualitative study finds cautiously positive attitudes toward AI in breast cancer screening in Serbia
Photo by Markus Winkler / Unsplash
Key Takeaway
Consider qualitative Serbian findings on AI attitudes as preliminary steps for local policy discussion.
A qualitative cohort study conducted in Belgrade and Novi Sad, Serbia, explored stakeholder perspectives on artificial intelligence use in breast cancer screening. The study involved four focus groups: two with radiologists and two with screening-aged women. No specific intervention or comparator was reported; the research focused on attitudes rather than clinical outcomes.
Main findings showed radiologists expressed a cautiously positive attitude toward AI application in mammography breast cancer screening. Screening-aged women indicated that AI use could be met with support, particularly if it improves healthcare. No quantitative measures of effect, absolute numbers, or statistical significance were reported for these qualitative outcomes.
Safety and tolerability data were not reported. Key limitations were not specified in the input. The study represents a first step toward understanding attitudes in Serbia and may inform policy adaptations. However, these qualitative findings do not measure clinical effectiveness of AI, establish causal relationships, or support broad generalizability beyond the Serbian context. Additional studies are needed for a comprehensive overview.
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View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundBreast cancer screening (BCS) by mammography was introduced globally in the last decades of the previous century and has been implemented in opportunistic or population-based models worldwide ever since. In Serbia, the national BCS Program was established in late 2012. Despite its existing framework, the Program's coverage remains suboptimal, and novel approaches to its optimization are being explored. The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in numerous fields has been a hallmark of the previous decade, with AI-based solutions in breast imaging at the forefront of many research initiatives. Qualitative research has been previously conducted from Australia to Sweden, yielding insights into the AI-radiologist interaction, as well as the acceptability of screening-aged women toward AI use in screening. This study aims to gauge the stakeholders’ perspectives—radiologists’ and women's—on AI use in BCS in Serbia and help inform policy adaptations to maximize the prospective effectiveness of this public health intervention.MethodsFour focus groups (FGs) were organized in total, two with radiologists and two with screening-aged women, in Belgrade and Novi Sad. Residents in training and radiology specialists were divided for maximal discussion liberty. Two research members analyzed the discussion transcripts using a mixed inductive-deductive approach with a flexible coding frame.ResultsRadiologists in this study see room for and have an overall cautiously positive attitude toward the application of AI in mammography BCS in the future. If AI were to perceptibly improve the current state of healthcare, such use of AI could be met with support among BCS-aged women.ConclusionsThis study represents the first step towards understanding the attitudes of radiologists and screening-aged women in Serbia towards the use of AI in mammography. Additional studies will be necessary to get a more comprehensive overview.
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