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Plant Proteins Match Whey for Body Composition in Untrained AdultsPlant-based proteins show similar results to whey for body composition

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Key Takeaway
Soy and pea proteins improved body composition similarly to whey in untrained adults, though chia evidence remains thin.

A meta-analysis examined whether plant-based protein supplementation can stand in for whey when it comes to changing body composition in untrained adults aged 18 to 59. The review compared soy- and pea-based proteins against whey protein, focusing on lean body mass and body fat mass.

Both protein types were associated with improvements in lean body mass and body fat mass. When the researchers compared plant-based and whey groups directly, they found no significant between-group differences, suggesting the two approaches performed comparably in this population.

The picture was less clear for chia-based protein. Evidence for chia was limited to a single study, and that study did not show significant changes in lean body mass. Firm conclusions about chia protein cannot be drawn from such sparse data.

The analysis did not report effect sizes, absolute numbers, confidence intervals, or p-values, and details on follow-up duration, setting, and sample size were not provided. Safety outcomes, including adverse events and discontinuations, were also not reported, and funding sources and conflicts of interest were not disclosed.

For practice, soy- and pea-based supplements may be practical nutritional options for people seeking alternatives to whey protein. Because the findings are associative, they should not be read as proof that plant proteins cause the same outcomes as whey.

If you are looking for a way to build muscle or lower body fat, you might wonder if plant-based proteins can keep up with the gold standard: whey. Many people choose plant options for personal preference or dietary needs, but they often worry about whether these alternatives actually work as well as animal-based proteins.

Research shows that both soy and pea-based protein supplements led to improvements in lean body mass and body fat mass. When compared directly to whey protein, there were no significant differences between the groups. This suggests that for many adults, plant-based options are just as effective as whey for changing body composition.

While the results for soy and pea are clear, the evidence for chia-based protein is much more limited. Because it was only looked at in one study, we cannot draw firm conclusions about how well chia works for building lean muscle. Talk with your doctor or a nutritionist to see which protein source fits your specific goals.

What this means for you:
Soy and pea-based proteins are as effective as whey for improving muscle mass and reducing body fat.

Common questions

Are soy and pea proteins as effective as whey?

Yes, the research shows that both soy and pea-based protein supplements were associated with improvements in lean body mass and body fat mass. When compared to whey protein, no significant differences were found between the groups, making them practical options for those seeking alternatives to whey.

Does chia protein help build muscle?

The evidence for chia-based protein is limited because it was only included in a single study. Because of this limited data, firm conclusions cannot be drawn regarding how well chia-based protein affects lean body mass.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
Follow-up708.0 mo
PublishedDec 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BACKGROUND: Dietary protein supplements are commonly consumed to support increases in lean body mass among healthy adults engaged in resistance training (RT). Although whey protein has been extensively investigated, plant-based protein supplements have emerged as a viable alternative for individuals who avoid animal-derived products. METHODS: The present study aims to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the effects of plant-based versus whey protein supplementation on body composition in untrained adults (18-59 years) undergoing RT, using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251145410). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, identifying 5 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. RESULTS: When combined with RT, both plant-based and whey protein supplementation were associated with improvements in lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass (BFM), with no significant between-group differences observed. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, soy- and pea-based protein supplements may support favorable body composition changes in adults initiating RT and could be considered practical nutritional options for individuals seeking alternatives to whey protein. Regarding chia-based protein, the available evidence is currently limited to a single study that did not demonstrate significant changes in lean body mass; therefore, firm conclusions regarding its efficacy cannot be drawn at this time.
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