Quantifying Collateral Perfusion in Cerebrovascular Disease-Moyamoya Disease and Stroke Patients

Inclusion Criteria

Moyamoya Patient Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
• Outpatients seen at the Stanford Neurosurgery and Neurology Departments.
• Ability to comply with all studies.
• Inclusion of Moyamoya patients with Sulfa allergies.
• Patients diagnosed with or suspected to have Moyamoya disease.

Stroke Patient Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
• Patients admitted to the inpatient Stanford Stroke Service for stroke-like symptoms, less than 24 hours from last time seen normal.
• Ability to comply with all studies.

Clinical Patient Acetazolamide MRI Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and non-pregnant women, at least 21 years of age.
• Patients admitted to the inpatient Stanford Stroke Service or Neurosurgical -Service for symptoms compatible with cerebrovascular disease.
• Ability to comply with all studies.

Normal Subject Inclusion Criteria:

• Ability to comply with the MRI study.

Exclusion Criteria

• Level of consciousness score of 2 or greater as defined by the NIH stroke scale.
• Symptoms likely related to psychoactive drugs or patients with symptoms related to an active inflammatory disease such as AIDS, meningitis, or cerebritis.
• Psychiatric or substance abuse disorder or dementia that interferes with evaluation or interpretation of the neurologic and mental assessment of these patients.
• Informed consent cannot be obtained either from the patient or legal representative.
• Severe coexisting or terminal systemic disease that limits life expectancy or that may interfere with the conduct of the study.
• Symptoms related to an alternative diagnosis such as seizures or migraine.
• Patients receiving any thrombolytic agent or receiving acute stroke investigational drug therapies during the 30-day study.