N/A
N=51
Effect of the Electronic Cigarette on Withdrawal Symptoms
Mental and Behavioral Disorders · Withdrawal State
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01454362 ↗Enrolled (actual)
51
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Mar 2019
Primary outcome: Primary: Comparison of E-C and Inhalator in Effects on Withdrawal Over 24 Hours of Use. — 0.73; 0.86 units on a scale — p=0.17
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Nicotine (Drug)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- Queen Mary University of London
- Primary completion
- Mar 2013
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Comparison of E-C and Inhalator in Effects on Withdrawal Over 24 Hours of Use. |
0.73; 0.86 | 0.17 |
| SECONDARY Change in Salivary Cotinine Levels After 24-hour Use. |
-66.32; -53.8 | 0.43 |
| SECONDARY Reinforcing Effects of Smoking |
2; 0.67 | <0.001 sig |
| SECONDARY Airway Sensations |
1.65; 0.51 | 0.001 sig |
| SECONDARY Product Satisfaction |
1.18; 0.59 | 0.003 sig |
Summary
Study rationale: Sensory/behavioural elements of smoking play a role in smoking behaviour and may have a potential to assist smoking cessation. Among current treatments for smokers, only the nicotine inhalator is attempting to address such factors. The inhalator's efficacy does not exceed that of the other nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, but it mimics the relevant sensory input to only a limited extent, and its nicotine delivery is dependent on intensive puffing. Recently a new product, the Electronic Cigarette (E-C) has become available, which provides a more realistic behaviour and sensory replacement for smoking and can provide good nicotine levels with less effort.
Primary objective: To compare E-C and nicotine inhalator in their effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms over 24hr abstinence.
Hypotheses: E-C will be more effective than the inhalator in reducing withdrawal symptoms and craving and elicit more favorable user ratings. It will also provide higher nicotine levels.
Study design: In a cross-over study, participants will be randomized to the sequence of conditions and provide baseline measures and samples for salivary cotinine analysis. They will be asked to abstain from smoking their usual cigarettes and use the allocated product over 24 hours. They will return to the study centre the following day, and complete measures of craving and withdrawal, ratings of subjective and sensory effects of the products, product satisfaction, and adverse effects. They will also provide saliva samples for cotinine analysis. Abstinence from smoking will be verified with CO readings.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Volunteers smoking at least 12 cigarettes per day
- First cigarette smoked within 60 minutes of waking up
- Willing to abstain from smoking for one day in 2 consecutive weeks.
Exclusion Criteria
- Under 18 years of age
- Current psychiatric illness
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- Enrollment in other research projects
- Used electronic cigarette and/or nicotine inhalator before
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01454362). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.