Phase 1
N=8
Pazopanib in Combination With Capecitabine in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Metastatic Breast Cancer
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01498458 ↗Enrolled (actual)
8
Serious AEs
75.0%
Results posted
Sep 2014
Primary outcome: Primary: Maximum Tolerable Dose (MTD) of Pazopanib — NA mg
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Interventions
- Pazopanib plus capecitabine (Drug)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- Female
- Sponsor
- GBG Forschungs GmbH
- Primary completion
- Dec 2011
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Maximum Tolerable Dose (MTD) of Pazopanib |
NA | — |
| SECONDARY Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) |
5 | — |
| SECONDARY Hematological Toxicity of the Combination of Pazopanib and Capecitabine |
88; 55; 132 | — |
| SECONDARY Other Toxicity of the Combination of Pazopanib and Capecitabine |
3; 1; 1; 1 | — |
| SECONDARY Objective Response Rate (ORR) |
— | — |
| SECONDARY Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) |
25 | — |
Summary
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth of large tumor. A number of anti-angiogenic agents are currently under development. Bevacizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been shown to improve disease free survival in first line metastatic breast cancer when associated with chemotherapy 1. Results of a randomised phase II trial combining sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting multiple tyrosine kinases including VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, with capecitabine have recently been reported 2. Compared to capecitabine plus placebo, progression-free survival in the capecitabine + sorafenib arm was significantly increased from 4.1 months to 6.4 months. Toxicities were also increased, with an incidence rate of grade 3/4 hand foot syndrome of 45% in the capecitabine + sorafenib arm compared to 13% in the capecitabine + placebo arm. The increased toxicity will most likely limit the clinical use of this regimen.
Pazopanib is a potent, multi-targeted TKI of VEGFR-1, -2, -3, PDGFR-α and -β and c-kit and has recently been approved for the treatment of renal cell cancer in the U.S. In the EU, a positive opinion has been issued by the European Medicines Agency.
A phase II study of GW786034 (pazopanib) in patients with recurrent or metastatic invasive breast carcinoma included 19 patients after a maximum of 2 lines of chemotherapy for advanced disease 3. Pazopanib 800 mg daily was given continuously.
A clinically significant rate of stable disease (58%) was detected with a median TTP of 5.3 months (95% CI: 1.8 - 9.0 months). Four patients treated with pazopanib had SD for ≥ 6 months, for a clinical benefit rate (CBR), defined as rate of SD for ≥ 6 months or CR or PR, of 5/19 (26%), which is at least comparable to sunitinib and bevacizumab (CBR 16% and 17%, respectively).
The pivotal study of full dose (800 mg) daily pazopanib in renal cell cancer reported hand foot syndrome of all grades in only 6% of patients 4. The optimally tolerated regimen (OTR) of pazopanib was determined when administered in combination with capecitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced CRC 5. In patients who received capecitabine (850 mg twice daily) plus 800 mg once daily pazopanib combined with oxaliplatin, the incidence of hand foot syndrome of all grades was 24%.
The present study will investigate the combination of pazopanib and capecitabine in advanced or metastatic breast cancer with the aim to develop a new treatment option with increased efficacy and tolerability.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Written informed consent for all study procedures according to local regulatory requirements prior to beginning specific protocol procedures.
- Complete baseline documentation must be submitted via the web-based data collection system MedCODES to the GBG Forschungs GmbH.
- Diagnosis of advanced or metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer. HER2-negative is defined as HercepTest IHC 0-2+ or FISH negative (ratio 18 years.
- Karnofsky Performance Status index => 60%.
- Laboratory requirements: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) => 1.5 x 109/L, Platelets => 100 x 109/L, Hemoglobin => 9 g/dL (=> 5.6 mmol/L), Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalised ratio (INR) = 50 mL/min), Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio (UPC) 1, then 24-hour urine protein must be 1 and/or that is progressing in severity, except alopecia.
- Surgery or tumor embolisation within 28 days prior to the first dose of pazopanib. At least 4 weeks since radiotherapy, with full recovery. The measurable disease must be completely outside the radiated field or there must be pathological proof of progressive disease.
- Concurrent immuno-biological or hormonal therapy for cancer.
- History or clinical evidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, except for individuals who have previously-treated CNS metastases, are asymptomatic, and have had no requirement for steroids or anti-seizure medication for 6 months prior to first dose of study drug.
- Life expectancy less than 3 months.
- History of thyroid autoimmune disease or thyroid disorders with thyroid values out of standard range
- Clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may increase the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding including, but not limited to: Active peptic ulcer disease, Known intraluminal metastatic lesion/s with risk of bleeding, Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), or other gastrointestinal conditions with increased risk of perforation, History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra abdominal abscess within 28 days prior to beginning study treatment.
- Severe liver dysfunction
- Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea.
- Clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that may affect absorption of investigational product including, but not limited to: Malabsorption syndrome, Major resection of the stomach or small bowel.
- Presence of uncontrolled infection.
- History of any one or more of the following cardiovascular conditions within the past 6 months: Cardiac angioplasty or stenting, Myocardial infarction, Unstable angina, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease, Class III or IV congestive heart failure, as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA), Poorly controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure [SBP] of ≥ 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] of ≥ 90 mmHg).
Note: Initiation or adjustment of antihypertensive medication(s) is permitted prior to study entry.
BP must be re-assessed on two occasions that are separated by a minimum of 1 hour; on each of these occasions, the mean (of 3 readings) SBP/DBP values from each BP assessment must be < 160/95 mmHg in order for a subject to be eligible for the study (see Section 9.6.1 for details on BP control and re-assessment prior to study enrollment).
- History of cerebrovascular accident including transient ischemic attack (TIA), pulmonary embolism or untreated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within the past 6 months. Note: Subjects with recent DVT who have been treated with therapeutic anti-coagulating agents for at least 6 weeks are eligible.
- Evidence of active bleeding or bleeding diathesis including, but not limited to: Prior major surgery or trauma within 28 days prior to first dose of study drug and/or presence of any non-healing wound, fracture, or ulcer (procedures such as catheter placement not considered to be major), Known endobronchial lesions and/or lesions i
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01498458). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.