Refractory Overactive Bladder: Sacral NEuromodulation v. BoTulinum Toxin Assessment (ROSETTA)

Inclusion Criteria

• Non-pregnant adult female at least 21 years old, with no plans to become pregnant during the course of the trial) and if of child-bearing potential, with a negative pregnancy test, and if sexually active, must be using medically acceptable contraception.
• 6 urge urinary incontinence episodes on a 3-day baseline bladder diary, with these urge incontinence episodes representing greater than 50% of the total incontinent episodes recorded.
• Willing and able to complete all study related items and interviews.
• Refractory urinary urge urinary incontinence: defined as (1) Persistent symptoms despite at least one or more conservative treatments (e.g. supervised behavioral therapy, supervised physical therapy); and (2)Persistent symptoms despite the use of a minimum of two anticholinergics, or unable to tolerate medication due to side effects, or has a contraindication to taking anticholinergic medication.
• Currently not on an anticholinergic or antimuscarinic medication (e.g. oxybutynin, tolterodine, and/or fesoterodine) or be willing to stop medication for 3 weeks prior to completing baseline bladder diary and expected to remain off medications through duration of study.
• Demonstrates ability (or have caregiver demonstrate ability) to perform clean intermittent self-catheterization.
• Grossly neurologically normal on exam and no gross systemic neurologic conditions believed to affect urinary function.
• Urodynamic assessment within the previous 18 months prior to enrollment or done after enrollment, prior to randomization.

Exclusion Criteria

• Neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson Disease, CVA within 6 months prior to enrollment, myasthenia gravis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, clinically significant peripheral neuropathy, and complete spinal cord injury.
• Untreated urinary tract infection (UTI).
• Any prior use of either study therapy for treatment of urinary urge incontinence (Botox A® or Interstim®).
• Current participation in any other conflicting interventional research study.
• PVR >150 ml on 2 occasions within 6 months prior to enrollment (If the PVR value was obtained by ultrasound and was ≥150 ml, the PVR will be confirmed by catheterization which will be the gold standard)
• Subjects with knowledge of planned MRIs or diathermy, except those allowable per Medtronic guidelines.
• Current or prior bladder malignancy.
• Surgically altered detrusor muscle, such as augmentation cystoplasty.
• Subjects taking aminoglycosides.
• Currently pregnant or lactating.
• Subjects who are on ambulatory anticoagulant therapy, including aspirin, who are unable to discontinue treatment for 24 hours prior to bladder injection and staged InterStim® procedure.
• Serum creatinine level greater than twice the upper limit of normal within the previous year prior to enrollment.
• Surgical treatment for stress incontinence (sling, Burch or urethral injection) or pelvic organ prolapse recommended or planned at enrollment by study investigator(s).
• Prior stress incontinence or prolapsed surgery within the last 6 months prior to enrollment.
• Allergy to lidocaine or bupivacaine.
• Prior pelvic radiation.
• Uninvestigated hematuria.
• Greater than or equal to Stage III vaginal prolapse.
• Known allergy to Botox A®.
• Use of a vaginal pessary.