Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Biomarker Identification Study

Inclusion Criteria

• Provision of signed written informed consent which includes genetic consent.
• Ability to comply with study procedures.
• Males and females aged 40-70 years inclusive.
• Have a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 35 kg/m2 inclusive and minimum body weights of 50 kg.
• Have a normal physical examination, and have normal laboratory values, 12-lead ECG and vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate), unless the Investigator considers an abnormality as not clinically significant.
• Ability to perform reproducible spirometry according to the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines (American Thoracic Society, 2005).
• Ability to produce a minimum 0.1 gram sputum sample after induction with inhaled hypertonic saline.

Additional Inclusion Criteria COPD Group

• A clinical diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD guidelines (stage 1-2).
• Current smokers with ≥10 pack-year smoking history.
• Demonstrate a post-bronchodilator ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of <70 % and FEV1 ≥50 % of predicted normal.

Additional Inclusion Criteria Non-Smokers Group

• Have never smoked tobacco products.
• Demonstrate normal lung function by post bronchodilator FEV1 ≥80 % of predicted normal, with no evidence of airway obstruction FEV1/FVC ratio ≥70 %.
• Have a sputum eosinophilia <2 % and a sputum neutrophilia <80 % from the sample collected at visit 1 (Belda et al., 2000).

Additional Inclusion Criteria Smokers Group

• Be current smokers with defined smoking history of ≥10 pack years.
• Have normal lung function by post bronchodilator FEV1 ≥80 % of predicted normal, with no evidence of airway obstruction FEV1/FVC ratio ≥70 %.

Additional Inclusion Criteria Ex-Smokers Group

• Be ex-smokers, with defined smoking history of ≥10 pack years and to have quit smoking at least 1 year before entering the study.
• Have normal lung function by post bronchodilator FEV1 ≥80 % of predicted normal, with no evidence of airway obstruction FEV1/FVC ratio ≥70 %.

Exclusion Criteria

• Current evidence or recent history of any clinically significant disease or abnormality (other than COPD in the subjects with COPD group), which in the opinion of the Investigator, would put the subject at risk, or which would compromise the quality of the study data, including but not limited, to cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, uncontrolled hypertension, life-threatening arrhythmias, uncontrolled diabetes, neurologic or neuromuscular disease, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease or electrolyte abnormalities.
• Females with a positive pregnancy test at visit 1 or 3.
• Females currently breastfeeding.
• Involvement in the planning and conduct of the study.
• Surgery or significant trauma within 3 months of visit 1.
• History of tuberculosis or other non-specific pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
• Symptoms, signs or laboratory findings suggestive of an ongoing infective illness as judged by the Investigator at visit 1 or 2.
• Participation in any clinical study with an investigational drug in the 4 months prior to visit 1, or participation in a study with a new formulation of a marketed drug in the 3 months prior to visit 1, or participation in a methodology study in the month prior to visit 1.
• Symptoms of any clinically significant illness within 2 weeks prior to visit 1.
• A significant history of alcohol abuse or consumption of more than the recommended units of alcohol per week (28 units for males and 21 units for females).
• A significant history of drug abuse (including benzodiazepines) or a positive test of drug abuse test at visit 1.
• Subjects, who in the opinion of the Investigator should not, for safety or compliance reasons, participate in the study.
• Use of prohibited medications.
• Subjects who have a first degree relative (parents, sibling or child) already enrolled in the study.

Additional Ex