Mitral Implantation of TRAnscatheter vaLves

Inclusion Criteria in Native Mitral Valve arm

All Candidates must meet the following criteria:

• Patient has severe calcific native mitral valve stenosis with mitral annular calcification with echocardiographically derived mitral valve area (MVA) of ≤1.5 cm2, or severe mitral regurgitation with severe mitral annular calcification and at least moderate mitral valve stenosis. Qualifying echo must be within 60 days of the date of the procedure.
• Patient is symptomatic from mitral valve disease, as demonstrated by reported NYHA Functional Class II or greater, or symptoms during stress test.
• The patient is at least 22 years old.
• The heart team agrees (and verified in the case review process) that valve implantation will likely benefit the patient.
• The heart team agrees that medical factors preclude operation, based on a conclusion that the probability of death or serious, irreversible morbidity exceeds the probability of meaningful improvement. Specifically, the STS score is ≥15% or the probability of death or serious, irreversible morbidity is ≥ 50%. The surgeons' consult notes shall specify the medical or anatomic factors leading to that conclusion and include a printout of the calculation of the STS score to additionally identify the risks in the patient (some medical factors and definitions are provided below). At least one of the cardiac surgeon assessors must have physically evaluated the patient. All patients must be approved by the Patient Selection and Procedure Management Steering Committee (at least 2 member votes, one must be a cardiac surgeon).
• The study patient has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions and has provided written informed consent as approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the respective clinical site.
• The study patient agrees to comply with all required post-procedure follow-up visits including annual visits through 5 years and analysis close date visits, which will be conducted as a phone follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria in Valve-in-Ring arm

All Candidates must meet the following criteria:

• Patient has a failing surgical ring in the mitral position with severe mitral regurgitation or stenosis (echocardiographically derived mitral valve area [MVA] of ≤1.5 cm2. Qualifying echo must be within 60 days of the date of the procedure.
• Patient is symptomatic from mitral valve disease, as demonstrated by reported NYHA Functional Class II or greater, or symptoms during stress test, or severe hemolytic anemia requiring blood transfusions and no other cause of hemolytic anemia is found after extensive work up.

Inclusion Criteria items #3 to 7 will be the same as in Native MV arm described above

Inclusion Criteria in Valve-in-Valve arm

All Candidates must meet the following criteria:

• Patient has a failing surgical bioprosthesis in the mitral position with severe mitral regurgitation or stenosis with echocardiographically derived mitral valve area (MVA) of ≤1.5 cm2. Qualifying echo must be within 60 days of the date of the procedure.
• Patient is symptomatic from mitral valve disease, as demonstrated by reported NYHA Functional Class II or greater, or symptoms during stress test.

Inclusion Criteria items #3 to 7 will be the same as in Native MV arm described above

Exclusion Criteria

Candidates will be excluded from the study if any of the following conditions are present:

• Heart Team assessment of operability (the heart team considers the patient is a surgical candidate).
• Evidence of an acute myocardial infarction ≤ 1 month (30 days) before the intended treatment [defined as: Q wave MI, or non-Q wave MI with total CK elevation of CK-MB ≥ twice normal in the presence of MB elevation and/or troponin level elevation (WHO definition)].
• Mitral annulus is not calcified (only applies to patients included in Native MV arm).
• Complex untreated coronary artery disease:
• Unprotected left main coronary artery
• Syntax score > 32 (in the a