Nelipepimut-S Plus GM-CSF Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants must be pre- or post-menopausal
• Participants must have a diagnosis of DCIS made by core needle biopsy
• Participants must be human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status must be 0 or 1 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• Clinical chemistry less than 2 x normal upper limit of normal range
• Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL
• Blood urea nitrogen < 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Alkaline phosphatase < 2 x ULN
• Lactate dehydrogenase < 2 x ULN
• Creatinine < 2 x ULN
• Bilirubin < 2 x ULN
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) < 2 x ULN
• A normal ejection fraction, as defined by the participant's institution; only limited echocardiograms (ECHOs) will be used as cardiac evaluation; no other tests are allowed; ECHO is to be done only in HLA-A2 positive participants; if ECHO has been done within 30 days prior to randomization and results showing a normal ejection fraction have been obtained prior to randomization, an additional ECHO is not needed at baseline
• Willingness to comply with all study interventions and follow-up procedures
• The ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria

• Invasive breast cancer; areas of microinvasion or suspicious for microinvasion on the core biopsy is allowed
• History of prior breast cancer treated within the past two years; patients completing all breast cancer-specific treatment over two years prior to the current diagnosis are eligible
• History of prior ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated within the past two years; patients completing all treatment for a previous diagnosis of DCIS over two years prior to the current diagnosis are eligible
• Prior lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is allowed
• Pregnant, unwilling to use adequate contraception during study treatment duration or breastfeeding; the effects of NeuVax on the developing human fetus are unknown; for this reason and because NeuVax may be teratogenic, pregnant women will be excluded; all heterosexually active women who may become pregnant must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation OR be post-menopausal defined as any one of the following 1) prior hysterectomy, 2) absence of menstrual period for 1 year in the absence of prior chemotherapy or 3) absence of menstrual period for 2 years in women with a prior history of chemotherapy exposure who were pre-menopausal prior to chemotherapy; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately
• Any autoimmune disease or other medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the subject's safety
• Immune deficiency diseases such as immunoglobulin deficiency or immunosuppressive therapy that might interfere with appropriate immune response
• Known history of or known active infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C
• Patients on chronic steroid therapy or other immunosuppressive therapy except for topical or inhaled steroids known to have low systemic absorption
• Patients with a known hypersensitivity to GM-CSF, yeast-derived products, or any component of the GM-CSF product (e.g., mannitol)
• Concurrent treatment with other investigational agent
• History of non-breast malignancy within 5 years prior to randomization, except curatively treated superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix (stage 0-1), and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to NeuVax
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, on