ABRE Clinical Study of the Abre Venous Self-expanding Stent System

Inclusion Criteria

• Patient is ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years of age;
• Patient has at least one of the following clinical manifestations (i.e. symptoms and/or signs) of venous disease in lower extremity:
• CEAP score ≥ 3
• Venous Clinical Severity Score pain score (VCSS) ≥2
• Suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT);
• Patient is willing and capable of complying with specified follow-up evaluations at the specified times;
• Patient has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions and has provided written informed consent, approved by the appropriate Ethics Board.
• Patient has diagnosis of non-malignant venous obstruction within the common iliac, external iliac, and/or common femoral vein. The proximal point of the obstruction may extend to the iliac venous confluence of the inferior vena cava and the distal point may be at or above the deep femoral vein. Diagnosis must be made based on objective imaging by using venography and/or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS);
• Patient has an obstructive lesion defined as:
• Occluded, or
• ≥50% in diameter reduction on venography or IVUS, or
• ≥50% area reduction on IVUS
• Acute DVT patients should be treated with the Abre stent within 14 days after onset of symptoms. Patients with acute DVT must first undergo successful treatment of acute thrombus by catheter based techniques; successful treatment is defined as 30% or less residual thrombus by venogram, as determined by physician, no bleeding, no symptomatic pulmonary embolism (confirmed by imaging), and no renal compromise (renal compromise defined as GFR>30). Patients with underlying obstructive lesions can then be included in the study within the same procedure;
• Target vessel can accommodate a 9 French Sheath, from insertion site to target segment;
• Exchangeable guidewire must cross target lesion(s) with successful predilation.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patient with DVT in the target limb of which the onset of symptoms is between 15 days and 6 months prior to planned treatment or patient has an acute DVT anywhere else than in the target vessel;
• Patient has peripheral arterial disease causing symptoms in target limb;
• Patient is pregnant, female patients of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test done within 7 days prior to the index procedure;
• Patient has a known or suspected systemic infection at the time of the index procedure;
• Patient has a planned percutaneous or surgical intervention within 30 days prior or 30 days following index procedure, or a contralateral iliofemoral lesion requiring planned treatment within 12 months;
• Patient requires femoral endovenectomy and patch venoplasty, greater saphenous vein ablation, and/or small saphenous vein stripping during the index procedure;
• Patient has an active vasculitic inflammatory disorder (e.g. Behcet disease) predisposing the patient to thrombosis and requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy;
• Patient has impaired renal function (GFR 1,000,000 cells/mm3 and/or a White Blood Cell count 12,500 cells/mm3;
• Patient has a history of bleeding diathesis or either a history or presence of heparin induced thrombocytopenia antibodies;
• Patient has a known hypersensitivity or contraindication to antiplatelets or anticoagulation, nitinol, or a contrast sensitivity that cannot be adequately pre-medicated;
• Patient has presence of other severe co-morbid conditions, which in the investigator's opinion may interfere with the patient's compliance with study visits and procedures, or may confound interpretation of study data (e.g. congestive heart failure Class III and IV, non-ambulatory patients, severe hepatic dysfunction, life expectancy < 1 year);
• Patient belongs to a vulnerable population per investigator's judgment or patient has any kind of disorder that compromises his/her ability to give written informed consent and/or to comply with study procedures. Patient must be able to consent for themselves;
• Patient is cur