Belimumab Treatment of Emphysema Patients With Anti-GRP78 Autoantibodies

Inclusion Criteria

• A history of past tobacco smoking (>10 pack years), but quit for >6 months at the time of enrollment. Smoking cessation will be confirmed by serum cotinine assays.
• Pulmonary emphysema per chest CT scans (F950>5%). About 60% of COPD patients followed in the LHC registry meet these criteria.6 Chest CTs are routine, standard of practice evaluations for patients with COPD, so no new radiographic studies will be necessary for this project.
• Ability and willingness to give informed consent.
• Plasma anti-GRP78 binding IgG >mean values in former smokers with no lung disease (standardized OD >0.390) (hence this is a "personalized medicine" approach). Of the 330 emphysema subjects assayed for anti-GRP78 to date, 111 (67%) met this criterion.
• Age 40-75 y.o. COPD is a disease of older individuals.

Exclusion Criteria

• History of prior acute COPD exacerbations or no more than one moderate exacerbation in the last year and no exacerbations four months prior to enrollment. A past history of an acute exacerbation is the single biggest risk for recurrence.36 Exclusion of these higher-risk subjects will minimize drop-outs.
• Oral steroids or cellular immunosuppressant use (e.g., cyclophosphamide) within 6 months.
• History or clinical or laboratory evidence of other autoimmune syndromes.
• Inability or unwillingness to complete the treatment and surveillance protocols.
• Eligible for lung transplant at time of enrollment. This exclusion will mitigate any potential, however slight, that a patient could be rejected for transplantation due to surgeon concerns about this novel therapy (and will also obviate early drop-outs due to transplantation).
• History of malignant neoplasm within the last 5 years.
• Evidence of serious suicide risk including any history of suicidal behavior in the last 6 months and/or any suicidal ideation in the last 2 months or those, in the investigator's judgment, pose a significant suicide risk.
• History of a primary immunodeficiency.
• Significant IgG deficiency (IgG level < 400 mg/dL).
• Have an IgA deficiency (IgA level < 10 mg/dL).
• Currently on any suppressive therapy for a chronic infection (such as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster or atypical mycobacteria).
• Hospitalization for treatment of infection within 60 days of Day 0.
• Use of parenteral (IV or IM) antibiotics (antibacterials, antivirals, anti-fungals, or anti parasitic agents) within 60 days of Day 0.
• Current drug or alcohol abuse or dependence, or a history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within 365 days prior to Day 0.
• History of a positive HIV test or positive screening test for HIV.
• Serologic evidence of current or past Hepatitis B (HB) or Hepatitis C (HC) infection based on positive tests for HBsAg or HBcAb, or HCAb.
• History of an anaphylactic reaction to parenteral administration of contrast agents, human or murine proteins or monoclonal antibodies.
• Any other clinically significant abnormal laboratory value in the opinion of the investigator.
• Any intercurrent significant medical or psychiatric illness that the investigator considers would make the candidate unsuitable for the study.
• Women of Child Bearing Potential (WCBP) must have a negative serum pregnancy test (either blood or urine) at screening, and agree to 1 of the following:

Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of the 1st dose of study agent until 16 weeks after the last dose of study agent (Sexual inactivity by abstinence must be consistent with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject. Periodic abstinence (e.g. calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception)

OR

Consistent and correct use of 1 of the following acceptable methods of birth control for 1 month prior to the start of the study agent, during the study, and 16 weeks after the