Investigation of Cocaine Addiction Using mGluR5 PET and fMRI

Inclusion Criteria

• All participants:
• Age 21 - 60 years
• Provide voluntary, written, informed consent
• Physically healthy by medical history, physical, neurological, ECG, and laboratory examinations
• For females: non-lactating, no longer of child-bearing potential or agreeing to practice effective contraception during the study (e.g., established use of oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception; placement of an intrauterine device [IUD] or intrauterine system [IUS]; barrier methods: condom or occlusive cap [diaphragm or cervical/vault caps] with spermicidal foam/gel/film/cream/suppository; male partner sterilization; true abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject), and a negative serum pregnancy test
• Participants with a cocaine use disorder:
• DSM-5 criteria for moderate or severe cocaine-use disorder
• Recent street cocaine use in excess of quantities used in the current study
• Intravenous and/or smoked (crack/freebase) cocaine use
• Positive urine toxicology screen for cocaine
• Healthy comparison participants:
• Successful completion of an [18F]FPEB scan as part of another Yale approved protocol as a healthy control/comparison subject

Exclusion Criteria

• All participants:
• Any condition that, in the opinion of investigators, would prevent compliance with the study protocol
• A history of significant medical or neurological illness (e.g., coronary artery disease, significant anemia, seizures)
• Current use of psychotropic and/or potentially psychoactive medications
• Physical or laboratory evidence of pregnancy
• Meet any additional PET/MR imaging-related exclusion criteria, including:
• Presence of MRI incompatible implants and other contraindications for MRI (e.g., pacemaker, artificial joints, non-removable body piercings, etc.)
• Participation in other research studies involving ionizing radiation within one year of the PET scans that would cause the participant to exceed the yearly dose limits
• History of a bleeding disorder or are currently taking anticoagulants (such as Coumadin, Heparin, Pradaxa, Xarelto).
• Claustrophobia
• Severe motor problems that prevent the subject from lying still for PET/MR imaging
• Complaints of chronic pain (e.g., as the result of rheumatoid arthritis)
• Current, past or anticipated exposure to radiation in the work place
• Participants with a cocaine use disorder:
• Other drug use disorder (except for tobacco-use disorder)
• Less than 1 year of cocaine use disorder
• A DSM-5 major psychiatric diagnosis (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.) unrelated to cocaine
• Healthy comparison participants:
• Any DSM-5 major psychiatric diagnosis (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.), except tobacco-use disorder
• Positive drug screen