Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Inclusion Criteria

Eligible participants will be:

• Healthy males and females who are between 18 and 65 years of age with an ADHD diagnosis (meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD on the SCID-5 module for adult ADHD).
• Planning to live in the area for at least the next 6 weeks;
• Capable of giving written informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the combined consent and HIPAA form;
• Able to communicate fluently in English (speaking, writing, and reading).

Exclusion Criteria

Subjects who present and/or self-report with the following criteria at any point during study participation will not be eligible to participate in the study:

Alcohol/Drugs:

• History or current diagnosis or treatment for alcohol or drug abuse (as reported during phone screen);
• Positive breath alcohol concentration test (BrAC greater than or equal to 0.01) at intake;
• A positive urine drug screen for cocaine, phencyclidine (PCP), amphetamines, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, methadone, and/or barbiturates at Intake, Baseline, or Sessions 5, 10, 15 or 20.

Medication:

Current use or recent discontinuation (within the past 6 months at the time of Intake) of:

• Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-ergic medications
• Glutamatergic medications
• Any medication for the treatment of ADHD
• Benzodiazepines
• Any medication that is known to lower the seizure threshold (e.g.,clozapine, bupropion, tramadol, carbapenems, stimulants)
• Any medication that could compromise participant safety as determined by the Principal Investigator and/or Study Physician

Current use or recent discontinuation (within the last 14 days at the time of Intake) of:

• Anti-psychotic medications
• Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)

Daily use of:

• Opiate-containing medications for chronic pain

Medical/Neuropsychiatric:

• Women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, and/or breast feeding.
• History of seizures, epilepsy, or history of epilepsy in first-degree relative
• History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (warning stroke)
• History of traumatic brain injury or self-report of brain or spinal tumor
• History of head injury with unconsciousness lasting more than 5 minutes
• Previous brain surgery
• Any additional neurological condition that would likely reduce the safety of study participation, including central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis, intracranial tumor, intracranial aneurysm, multiple sclerosis or arteriovenous malformations
• History of tinnitus
• History of diabetes mellitus
• History of atherosclerotic vascular disease
• A medically unstable cardiopulmonary or metabolic disorder
• Increased risk for myocardial infarction or other major cardiopulmonary complications.
• Any uncorrected visual impairment or abnormality
• Self-reported history, current diagnosis of psychosis or symptoms consistent with a mood disorder based upon the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID); including schizophrenia, mania, bipolar disorder, an eating disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, an anxiety disorder, major depression (subjects with a history of major depression but in remission for past 6 months are eligible).

TMS-related:

• Subjects with ferromagnetic material in or in close proximity to the head (with the exception of oral dental devices)
• Implanted devices (including vagus nerve stimulator (VNS), deep brain stimulator (DBS), pacemakers, spinal cord stimulators, medication pumps, ventriculo peritoneal shunts, defibrillators, intracardiac lines)
• Self-report of any skull fracture or opening
• A disturbance in normal sleep patterns/sleep deprivation

General Exclusion:

• Any medical condition, illness, disorder, or concomitant medication that could compromise participant safety or treatment, or affect clinical or cognitive outcomes, as determined by the Principal Investigator
• Inability to complete study tasks and provide quality data, as determined by the Principal I