N/A
N=2,589
Reactions to Warnings on Hookah Ads
Reactions to Warnings · Hookah Smoking
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03723616 ↗Enrolled (actual)
2,589
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Dec 2025
Primary outcome: Primary: Emotional Reactions to Ads — 2.81; 3.46; 3.74; 2.83 score on a scale
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Ads Only (Behavioral); Ads with text-only health warning labels (HWLs) (Behavioral); Ads with text + graphic health warning labels (HWLs) (Behavioral)
- Age
- Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- Duke University
- Primary completion
- Mar 2021
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Emotional Reactions to Ads |
2.81; 3.46; 3.74; 2.83; 3.60; 4.03 | — |
| PRIMARY Attitudes Toward Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) as Measured by Questionnaire |
3.79; 4.59; 4.84; 3.87; 4.88; 5.31 | — |
| PRIMARY Reactance to Ads |
3.87; 3.99; 3.91; 3.47; 3.79; 3.82 | — |
| PRIMARY Perceived Effectiveness of Health Warnings |
2.89; 3.88; 4.13; 3.09; 4.15; 4.46 | — |
| PRIMARY Ad Effect on Desire to Smoke |
4.37; 4.07; 3.89; 4.70; 4.03; 3.79 | — |
| PRIMARY Ad Effect on Event Participation |
3.58; 3.52; 3.43 | — |
| PRIMARY Ad Effect on Product Purchase |
4.04; 3.51; 3.38 | — |
| SECONDARY Perceived Risk as Measured by Questionnaire |
4.71; 4.93; 5.03; 4.73; 4.98; 4.90 | — |
| SECONDARY Global Attitude on Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) |
4.14; 3.83; 3.61; 4.39; 3.85; 3.79 | — |
| SECONDARY Urge to Smoke |
3.34; 3.28; 3.06; 3.82; 3.29; 3.27 | — |
| SECONDARY Avoidance / Acceptance of Health Warnings as Measured by Eye Tracking |
— | — |
Summary
The purpose of this study is to help us better understand what kinds of waterpipe tobacco advertisements appeal to young adults as well as to help evaluate and create health warnings that can be placed on waterpipe tobacco advertisements to inform young adults of the risks associated with smoking hookah tobacco.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Young adults who are susceptible to or who are current tobacco smokers (which is defined as at least once in the past month, and using hookah tobacco on at least a monthly basis).
- Must have Internet access for Phase 1 and Phase 2 and have a Turkprime account.
- English speaker
Exclusion Criteria
- Anyone who is not susceptible to waterpipe tobacco smoking or is not a current waterpipe tobacco smoker
- Anyone who does not have Internet access or a Turkprime account
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03723616). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.