N/A
Completed N=880
Longitudinal Follow-up of Brief Parenting Interventions to Reduce Risk of Child Physical Maltreatment
Parenting · Child Behavior · Child Rearing
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04059185 ↗
Enrolled (actual)
880
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Dec 2024
Primary outcomePrimary: Parent - Change From Baseline Frequency of Corporal Punishment Use at 3 Months and at Long-term Follow-up — -.32; -.27; -.17; -.69 score on a scale
Summary
Universal and broad selective parenting education programs that improve parenting skills, increase parents' understanding of child development, and teach positive child discipline strategies can prevent use of corporal punishment and child physical maltreatment. The proposed research addresses this critical need by investigating brief, relatively low-resource intensive primary prevention parenting programs that can be disseminated widely. By reducing cumulative adverse childhood experiences, which include child physical maltreatment, these interventions are expected to reduce long-term health disparities and risks for major public health problems, such as violence, smoking, obesity, drug abuse, risky sexual behavior, mental health disorders, and heart disease, among others
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Parent - Change From Baseline Frequency of Corporal Punishment Use at 3 Months and at Long-term Follow-up |
-.32; -.27; -.17; -.69; -.68; -.80 | — |
| PRIMARY Parent - Change From Baseline Attitudes Toward Use of Corporal Punishment at 3 Months and at Long-term Follow-up |
-.86; -2.1; -.13; -1.8; -2.5; -1.9 | — |
| SECONDARY Parent - Child Discipline Practices |
44.1; 44.1; 45; 45.1; 44.9; 44.7 | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Behavioral and Emotional Adjustment |
21; 21.5; 20.8; 18.9; 20.6; 20.6 | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Externalizing, Internalizing, and Total Symptoms |
51.1; 51.2; 51.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Parent Sensitivity |
67.34; 68.43; 69.03; 72.75; 73.15; 70.68 | — |
| SECONDARY Child Social Involvement |
46.16; 47.39; 47.27; 48.91; 50.18; 50.24 | — |
| SECONDARY Child Negative Emotionality |
8.43; 8.01; 8.21; 10.13; 9.77; 9.76 | — |
| SECONDARY Dyadic Negative States |
3.36; 3.16; 3.06; 3.41; 3.37; 3.58 | — |
| SECONDARY Dyadic Reciprocity |
3.11; 3.41; 3.23; 3.01; 3; 3.01 | — |
| SECONDARY Parent Limit Setting |
29.72; 29.69; 30.11; 27.24; 27.86; 26.64 | — |
| SECONDARY Child Compliance |
14.87; 15.35; 15.19; 13.85; 14.24; 14.27 | — |
| SECONDARY Parent Baseline RSA |
6.01; 5.85; 5.75 | — |
| SECONDARY Child Baseline RSA |
7.01; 6.93; 7.00 | — |
| SECONDARY RSA Synchrony Challenge Task |
— | — |
| SECONDARY RSA Lead/Lag During Challenge Task |
— | — |
| SECONDARY Parent RSA During Challenge Task |
5.65; 5.47; 5.45 | — |
| SECONDARY Child RSA During Challenge Task |
6.73; 6.72; 6.63 | — |
| SECONDARY RSA Synchrony During Social Interaction Task |
— | — |
| SECONDARY RSA Lead/Lag During Social Interaction Task |
— | — |
| SECONDARY Parent RSA During Social Interaction Task |
5.95; 5.76; 5.78 | — |
| SECONDARY Child RSA During Social Interaction Task |
6.76; 6.62; 6.71 | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Cognitive Flexibility |
89.9; 89.9; 88.8 | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Delay Time |
— | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Executive Function |
91.85; 85.8; 90.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Distraction Strategy |
— | — |
| SECONDARY Child - Distress Level |
— | — |
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
Adult participants must be:
- Women
- English-speaking
- adults, age 18 or older
- a parent of at least one child between 2 and 7 years of age
- a primary caregiver of that child
- able to return to WIC (or recruitment site) for follow-up 3 months later
- available for up to 2 hours on date of recruitment to complete the baseline visit
Child participants:
- must be the "index child" of the adult participant as indicated in the baseline interview
- all genders eligible
Exclusion Criteria
- anyone who does not meet the above inclusion criteria
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04059185). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication. Informational only — not medical advice.