Gingival Crevicular Fluid Characterization During Orthodontic Treatment

During Orthodontic tooth movement, teeth are moved through alveolar bone under applied forces. The applied mechanical loading force must be transferred to the alveolar bone via periodontal ligament (PDL). This process of mechanotransduction stimulates bone remodeling during which osteoblasts produce bone on the tension side and osteoclasts resorb bone on the compression side of the PDL. Complex interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts involve numerous biologic molecules including cytokines and growth factors. During the tooth movement, the expression of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, prostaglandin E2, RANKL and MMP1 in PDL will be up-regulated. The sequence of events from the mechanotransduction commanding the tightly controlled accomplishment of osteogenesis attention sides and osteoclastogenesis at compressive sides is not completely understood. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a transudate of interstitial tissues that is produced by an osmotic gradient and it is released into the crevicular crevices at a flow rate of about 3 ul/h. Orthodontic treatment is triggered by an inflammatory process and it has been hypothesized that the quantification of specific biomarkers within the GCF can be determined using Periotron. However contrasting results have been reported in the literature, which studies showing both increased or unchanged GCF volumes incident to orthodontic treatment. Given that the orthodontic treatment is triggered by a set of inflammatory cytokines that are released into the crevicular fluid during the mechanical loading, and its homeostasis is dependent on mechanical stimulation. An understanding of the biological response of crevicular fluid to mechanical loading could further advance the knowledge of orthodontic treatment. In this study, the investigators will investigate the biological response of gingival crevicular fluid before and after the initial wire placement of orthodontic treatment to determine the differentially expressed genes and proteins related to mechanotransduction.