N/A
N=8
Achieving Nutritional Adequacy Of Vitamin E With An Egg/Plant-Based Food Pairing
Nutritional Requirements
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04287816 ↗Enrolled (actual)
8
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Dec 2025
Primary outcome: Primary: Vitamin E Area Under the Curve (0-72 h) — 2.90; 5.24; 5.18; 4.39 umol/L*h
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Zero hard-boiled egg at 0 h (Other); One hard-boiled egg at 0 h (Other); Two hard-boiled eggs at 0 h (Other); Three hard-boiled eggs at 0 h (Other); One hard-boiled egg at 3 h (Other); One hard-boiled egg at 0 h + One hard-boiled egg at 3 h (Other); Two egg whites at 0 h (Other); Vegetable oil at 0 h (Other)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- Ohio State University
- Primary completion
- Jul 2024
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Vitamin E Area Under the Curve (0-72 h) |
2.90; 5.24; 5.18; 4.39; 5.10; 6.88 | — |
| PRIMARY Vitamin E Cmax |
0.09; 0.18; 0.15; 0.14; 0.15; 0.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Vitamin E Tmax (hr) |
9.64; 10.10; 10.90; 9.94; 9.94; 9.38 | — |
| SECONDARY Half-Life (hr) |
25.36; 22.52; 26.92; 24.34; 26.79; 30.45 | — |
| SECONDARY Estimated Absorption (%Dose) of Vitamin E |
1.93; 3.52; 2.95; 2.96; 3.02; 3.86 | — |
| SECONDARY Chylomicron Vitamin E |
— | — |
Summary
Malnutrition of the fat-soluble nutrient vitamin E (α-tocopherol; αT) is problematic. Since αT is rich in plant foods (e.g. spinach) that are mostly absent of accessible lipid, dietary patterns that can potentiate αT bioavailability by pairing vegetables with lipid-rich foods have been emphasized. The purpose of this study is to use deuterium-labeled spinach (containing stable isotopes of αT) to validate eggs as a dietary tool to improve αT bioavailability directly from a model plant food, and hence achieve nutrient adequacy. It is expected that compared with deuterium-labeled spinach alone, co-ingestion of eggs will dose- and time-dependently increase plasma bioavailability of spinach-derived deuterium-labeled αT without affecting time to maximal concentrations or half-lives. Further, phospholipid-rich egg yolk lipid will enhance nutrient bioavailability compared with vegetable oil. The outcome will therefore support an egg-based food pairing that can enhance the health benefits of plant-centric dietary patterns.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Body Mass Index (BMI) = 19-25 kg/m2
- Normolipidemic (total cholesterol 1 month
- No use of medications that affect lipid or glucose metabolism
- Non-smoker
- No history of gastrointestinal disorders
Exclusion Criteria
- Egg allergy
- Alcohol intake > 2 drinks per day
- Aerobic activity >7 h/wk
- Body mass change >2 kg in the past 1 month
- Women who are pregnant, lactating, or initiated or changed birth control in the past 3 month
- Vegetarian
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04287816). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.