N/A N=1,143 Randomized Single-blind Prevention

Revolutionizing Normative Re-education

College Drinking · Underage Drinking · Alcohol Use Disorder

Bottom Line

View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04356261 ↗

Enrolled (actual)

1,143

Serious AEs

0.0%

Results posted

May 2026

Primary outcome: Primary: Change From Baseline Daily Drinking at 4 Months — 2.11; 1.79; 2.18 Drinks per week — p=.155

Study Design & Population

Study type: Interventional
Phase: N/A
Interventions: Gamified Personalized Normative Feedback (Behavioral)
Age: Adult · 18+ yrs
Sex: All
Sponsor: Loyola Marymount University
Primary completion: Oct 2024

Outcome Measures

Outcome	Result	p-value
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Daily Drinking at 4 Months	2.11; 1.79; 2.18	.155
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Daily Drinking at 9 Months	1.85; 1.67; 2.05	.362
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Daily Drinking at 12 Months	2.16; 2.31; 2.00	.865
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Alcohol Consequences at 4 Months	2.06; 2.02; 1.85	.417
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Alcohol Consequences at 9 Months	1.95; 2.24; 2.29	.603
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Alcohol Consequences at 12 Months	2.32; 2.32; 2.17	.563
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Quantity/Frequency/Peak Alcohol Use at 4 Months	1.86; 1.53; 1.95	.658
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Quantity/Frequency/Peak Alcohol Use at 9 Months	1.98; 1.94; 2.09	.701
PRIMARY Change From Baseline Quantity/Frequency/Peak Alcohol Use at 12 Months	1.88; 2.10; 1.90	.614
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Drinking Norms Rating Form at 4 Months	7.00; 5.75; 5.76	.085
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Drinking Norms Rating Form at 9 Months	5.47; 5.45; 5.36	.854
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Drinking Norms Rating Form at 12 Months	6.91; 6.08; 5.65	.197
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Modified Quantity, Frequency, Peak Index at 4 Months	5.12; 4.49; 4.86	.039 sig
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Modified Quantity, Frequency, Peak Index at 9 Months	4.86; 5.24; 4.52	.229
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Descriptive Peer Drinking Norms- Modified Quantity, Frequency, Peak Index at 12 Months	5.41; 4.92; 4.98	.081
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Injunctive Peer Drinking Norms (Adapted From Baer, 1994) at 4 Months	4.18; 4.16; 4.01	.922
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Injunctive Peer Drinking Norms (Adapted From Baer, 1994) at 9 Months	4.25; 4.27; 4.07	.646
SECONDARY Change From Baseline Injunctive Peer Drinking Norms (Adapted From Baer, 1994) at 12 Months	4.31; 4.28; 4.12	.702

Summary

Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF), the most widely-used college alcohol intervention approach, suffers from several limitations innovatively remedied in the current proposal through CampusGANDR, a smartphone-based app for college students that delivers alcohol-related PNF within a weekly game centered around testing first-year students' perceptions about the attitudes and behaviors of their peers in a variety of campus-relevant domains. Five pilot studies suggest that CampusGANDR will be significantly more effective at correcting students' normative misperceptions and reducing their alcohol use than standard PNF, especially among heavier-drinking students and those with greater exposure to alcohol on social media, and that these larger effects are driven by the significantly decreased psychological reactance experienced by students when viewing feedback as part of a game about college life rather than as part of an alcohol-focused program. The current project seeks to 1) evaluate the efficacy of CampusGANDR in a large-scale multi-site trial, 2) identify the optimal dosage of alcohol feedback to deliver within CampusGANDR for correcting norms and reducing alcohol use across 12 weeks of gameplay among non-drinking, moderate-drinking, and heavy-drinking students, 3) examine person-level moderators of these effects, and 4) evaluate CampusGANDR engagement and sustainability among students who play voluntarily but are not involved in the randomized controlled trial.

Eligibility Criteria

To play CampusGANDR individuals must:

Have access to either a smartphone or a computer with internet capabilities on which the app can be accessed
Be at least 18 years of age and currently enrolled as an incoming first-year student at a college or university in California or Texas.
Accept CampusGANDR Terms of Service & Privacy Policy.

Additional RCT Inclusion Criteria

To take part in the evaluation study participants must:

Be a CampusGANDR user between 18 and 20 years old
Answer screening questions and screen into an open stratum
Review and accept the evaluation study Informed Consent form

Exclusion criteria for both:

Not meeting inclusion criteria
Unwillingness to participate (indicated by failure to accept Terms of Service & Privacy Policy, or provide informed consent)

View full record on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04356261). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.