N/A
N=16,903
Impact of Nudges on Downloads of COVID-19 Exposure Notification Smartphone Apps: A Randomized Trial
COVID-19
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05080179 ↗Enrolled (actual)
16,903
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Aug 2023
Primary outcome: Primary: Click on Link to Download COVID Alert PA App — 4232; 4246; 4211; 4214 Participants
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Self-Benefit/Social Norm (Behavioral); Self-Benefit/No Social Norm (Behavioral); Other Benefit/Social Norm (Behavioral); Other Benefit/No Social Norm (Behavioral)
- Age
- Pediatric, Adult, Older Adult
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- University of Pennsylvania
- Primary completion
- Jan 2021
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Click on Link to Download COVID Alert PA App |
4232; 4246; 4211; 4214; 353; 380 | — |
Summary
Eligible participants who were active beneficiaries of a large insurer living in Pennsylvania were sent an email encouraging them to download the contact tracing app in Pennsylvania, COVID Alert PA.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 (Self-benefit vs. Other-Benefit) x 2 (Social Norms Present vs. Social Norms absent) design.
All participants received an email that said :
"COVID Alert PA is the official Exposure Notification App from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. Join Penn Medicine in the fight against COVID-19 and download COVID Alert PA today!"
---Investigators manipulated the content here---
"The app uses Bluetooth to sense when one person is in close contact with another person with the app. If someone tests positive for COVID-19, and they decide to upload the information to the health department, people who have the app and who have been in contact with them will be alerted.
If you are interested in downloading the app, please click COVID Alert PA. We appreciate you joining our efforts. Together we can beat COVID-19!"
In the Other-Benefit condition, it said: "It can help you reduce your risk of unknowingly spreading the virus to your friends, family, and larger community."
In the Self-Benefit condition, it said: "It can help you determine where and when to get testing, and how to get care if you need it."
In the Social Norms Present condition, it said: "Over 650,000 Pennsylvanians have already downloaded the app!"
In the Social Norms Absent condition, it said the statement about social norms above.
Participants who do not open the initial email received a follow-up email.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Eligible participants were active beneficiaries of a large insurer living in Pennsylvania.
Exclusion Criteria
- Participants who did not subscribe to offers and promotions emails were excluded, as were Medigap beneficiaries.
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05080179). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.