Phase 4
N=92
Dosing of Ketorolac Impacts Post-cesarean paiN manaGemenet (KING)
Post Cesarean Pain
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05248984 ↗Enrolled (actual)
92
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Feb 2026
Primary outcome: Primary: Comparing the Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) Use in the First 24 Hours. Postoperatively After Cesarean Section — 7.5; 7.5 Morphine milligram equivalents
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Interventions
- Ketorolac 30 Mg (Drug); Ketorolac 60 Mg (Drug)
- Age
- Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- Female
- Sponsor
- Ohio State University
- Primary completion
- Nov 2023
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Comparing the Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) Use in the First 24 Hours. Postoperatively After Cesarean Section |
7.5; 7.5 | — |
| SECONDARY Comparing the Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) Use During Hospital Stay. |
30; 15 | — |
| SECONDARY Comparing Patient Reported Pain Score Assessment. |
6; 6 | — |
| SECONDARY Comparing the Time to First Administration of Opioid Pain Medication Postoperatively. |
2.75; 15 | — |
| SECONDARY Pain Score on Discharge Home |
2; 2 | — |
| SECONDARY Number of Participants With Adverse Maternal Outcomes. |
0; 0 | — |
| SECONDARY Evaluating Type of Skin Incision. |
45; 45; 1; 1 | — |
Summary
This is a randomized controlled single blinded trial to compare the morphine milligram equivalents (MME) use in the first 24 hours postoperatively after cesarean section in patients receiving a single dose of 30 mg intravenous ketorolac vs. 60 mg intravenous ketorolac in the operating room after the end of surgery.
Eligibility Criteria
- Inclusion criteria:
- Pregnant individuals aged 18-45 with a viable single or twin intrauterine pregnancy
- Cesarean section as the delivery mode
- Regional anesthesia (Spinal, Epidural, Combined Spinal Epidural)
- Exclusion criteria:
- Known allergy or adverse reaction to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, or ketorolac
- Patients with peptic ulcer disease, preexisting kidney or liver disease
- Hemodynamically unstable due to hemorrhage
- Acute or chronic pain disorder
- Physician/provider or patient refusal
- Estimated blood loss > 2000 mL
- General anesthesia
- Opioid use disorder
- Emergent Cesarean delivery
- Coagulation disorders
- Active asthma
- Patients weighing <50 kg
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05248984). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.