Nursing Interventions Based on Protection Motivation Theory in Hypertensive Patients

Hypertension is a major global public health problem. In order to be successful in hypertension management, patients should receive timely and accurate diagnosis, acquire healthy lifestyle habits, start antihypertensive drug treatment on time, and ensure compliance with treatment. The study was conducted in a pre-test-post-test parallel group randomized controlled design in order to determine the effects of nursing interventions consisting of Rogers' Protection Motivation Terosine-based hypertension education and sending short messages to hypertensive individuals on medication compliance and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The study was conducted in Karaman Province, Family Health Center No. 7 between November 2023 and May 2024. The study group consisted of individuals aged between 40-59 years, with low compliance to treatment, no communication problems in terms of hearing, vision and understanding, using mobile phones, and diagnosed with primary hypertension. The study was conducted with a total of 78 participants, 39 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group, calculated with 95% power. Before starting the study, ethics committee, institution, scale usage permission and written consent were obtained from the participants. Data were collected using Personal Information Form, Antihypertensive Drug Treatment Adherence Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale, Blood Pressure Monitoring Form at the beginning (T₀), end of the third month (T₁) and end of the sixth month (T₂). Multiple nursing interventions consisting of hypertension education, brochure and 14-week short messages were applied to the intervention group. No intervention was applied to the control group. Measurements were collected by face-to-face interview method. Blinding was applied in terms of statistics expert and reporting. Data analyses in this study were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Concurrent User V 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA) program. After the applied nursing interventions, a significant difference was found between the total mean score of the Antihypertensive Drug Treatment Adherence Scale, the mean score of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale, and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values of the intervention and control groups (p<0.05). As a result, applicable, economical interventions combining health education and technology can be recommended as an important tool in health services to reduce the burden of hypertension in society.