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Phase 1 Completed N=46 Randomized Treatment

Sublingual Atropine Bioequivalence by Route of Administration (SABER)

Atropine Bioequivalence
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06366087 ↗
Enrolled (actual)
46
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Apr 2025
Primary outcomePrimary: The Bioequivalence of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus Administered IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Infinity (AUCinf). — 562.456; 814.860 min*ng/mL

Summary

A randomized, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study to assess the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of atropine administered sublingually (SL) or intramuscularly (IM) in healthy adult volunteers.

Outcome Measures

OutcomeResultp-value
PRIMARY
The Bioequivalence of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus Administered IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Infinity (AUCinf).
562.456; 814.860
PRIMARY
The Bioequivalence of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus Administered IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time of Last Quantifiable Data Point (AUCt).
456.944; 683.672
SECONDARY
AUC45 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 45 Minutes (AUC45)
11.559; 106.046
SECONDARY
AUC60 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 60 Minutes (AUC60)
21.903; 145.215
SECONDARY
AUC90 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 90 (AUC90)
56.521; 217.844
SECONDARY
AUC120 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 120 Minutes (AUC120)
103.146; 283.847
SECONDARY
AUC150 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 150 Minutes (AUC150)
151.441; 343.066
SECONDARY
AUC240 - The Relative Bioavailability (Plasma Concentrations) of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Area Under the Analyte Concentration Versus Time Curve to Time 240 Minutes (AUC240)
275.948; 484.704
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Maximum Measured Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
1.805; 3.176
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Time to Cmax (Tmax)
118.0; 34.3
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Apparent Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2)
171.089; 175.682
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz)
0.0042; 0.0041
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Volume of Distribution (Vd/F)
447.17; 316.62
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Total Body Clearance (CL/F)
1823.440; 1248.156
SECONDARY
The Relative Bioavailability of Atropine Sulfate Administered SL Versus IM as Measured by Absorption Rate Constant (Ka)
0.022; 0.117

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

  • Healthy male and non-pregnant female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 years, inclusive, at time of consent.
  • Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
  • Females who are of childbearing potential and are sexually active with a male partner must have used an adequate method of birth control for at least 2 months prior to Screening and must agree to continue using an adequate method of birth control from Screening through Follow-up (Day 15).
  • A female of childbearing potential is defined as a post onset of menarche and premenopausal female capable of becoming pregnant. This does not include females who meet any of the following conditions: menopausal >2 years, tubal ligation >1 year, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, or hysterectomy.
  • Adequate contraception is defined as a contraceptive method with a failure rate of less than 1% per year when used consistently and correctly and when applicable, in accordance with the product label. Examples include oral contraceptives, injectable progestogen, implants of etonogestrel or levonorgestrel, estrogenic vaginal ring, percutaneous contraceptive patches, intrauterine device or intrauterine system, or male partner sterilization at least 6 months prior to the participant's Screening Visit.
  • In the judgment of the investigator, the participant is in good health, based on review of medical history and the results of Screening evaluation (including vital signs, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram [ECG], and Screening laboratory assessments, performed no more than 14 days prior to randomization into the study).
  • Able to comply with the dosing instructions and available to complete the study Schedule of Assessments.

Exclusion Criteria

  • Females who have a positive pregnancy test or who are breastfeeding.
  • Participants with thyroid disease as evidenced by a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.2 × upper limit of normal (ULN) at Screening (This Screening test will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing).
  • Participants with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or serum creatinine >1.5 × ULN at Screening. (These Screening tests will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing.)
  • Have known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or acute or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection based on medical history; or test positive for any of these at Screening. Participants who have been effectively treated for hepatitis C, as evidenced by a negative hepatitis C RNA confirmation test and who no longer require antiviral therapy, are eligible for participation. (These Screening tests will not be repeated prior to subsequent dosing.)
  • Participants who took any prescription medications (with the exception of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) within 30 days of Screening. Prior to each dose, the investigator will review prohibited medication use and determine whether the participant should be terminated from further dosing.
  • Participants who took any over-the-counter medication/vitamins/herbal supplements in the last 72 hours prior to Screening. Prior to each dose, the investigator will review prohibited medication use and determine whether the participant should be terminated from further dosing.
  • Participants who are current smokers or are currently using any oral nicotine/oral tobacco product (e.g. snuff, chew, lozenges, nicotine gum, pouches) or electronic cigarette or vaping device (e.g., e-cigarette, mod, vape pen, JUUL, e-cigar, e-hookah, e-pipe, vape pods) or have used any of these products within 6 months prior to Screening.
  • Participants with glaucoma and/or history of ocular surgery (including LasikTM), ocular trauma, or congenital ocular disorder.
  • Participants with any history of heart disease, including but not limited to hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia (treated or untreated), congestive heart failure, pacemaker, history of vasovagal syncope, any s
View full record on ClinicalTrials.gov →

Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06366087). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication. Informational only — not medical advice.

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