N/A
N=1,201
Food Swaps to Improve the Healthfulness and Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Grocery Purchases
Food Selection · Nutrition · Food Preferences · Dietary Habits · Sustainability
Bottom Line
View on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06648226 ↗Enrolled (actual)
1,201
Serious AEs
0.0%
Results posted
Jun 2026
Primary outcome: Primary: Healthfulness of Product Selection — 64; 60.1; 62.6; 57.9 score on a scale
Study Design & Population
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- N/A
- Interventions
- Health swaps (Behavioral); Climate swaps (Behavioral); Combined health and climate swaps (Behavioral); Control (Behavioral)
- Age
- Adult, Older Adult · 18+ yrs
- Sex
- All
- Sponsor
- Stanford University
- Primary completion
- Jun 2025
Outcome Measures
| Outcome | Result | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| PRIMARY Healthfulness of Product Selection |
64; 60.1; 62.6; 57.9 | — |
| PRIMARY Carbon Footprint of Participants' Grocery Store Selections |
8.1; 5.5; 5.9; 9.6 | — |
| SECONDARY Calorie Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
166.8; 182.2; 175.7; 200.5 | — |
| SECONDARY Sugar Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
6.4; 6.9; 6.4; 8 | — |
| SECONDARY Sodium Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
264.1; 314.4; 284.7; 317.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Saturated Fat Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
2.3; 2.7; 2.4; 3.4 | — |
| SECONDARY Fiber Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
1.3; 1.1; 1.3; 1.1 | — |
| SECONDARY Protein Density of Participants' Grocery Selections |
7.1; 6.6; 7.1; 7.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Total Spending on Participants' Grocery Selections |
44.9; 44.4; 44.2; 45.8 | — |
| SECONDARY Thinking About Health |
3.9; 3.9; 4; 3.7 | — |
| SECONDARY Thinking About Climate Impact |
2.6; 3.5; 3.3; 2.6 | — |
| SECONDARY Thinking About Taste |
4.4; 4.4; 4.4; 4.4 | — |
| SECONDARY Negative Emotional Reactions While Shopping |
1.4; 1.3; 1.4; 1.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Positive Emotional Reactions While Shopping |
3.2; 3.2; 3.2; 3.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Injunctive Norms to Buy Healthy Foods |
4.3; 4.3; 4.3; 4.3 | — |
| SECONDARY Descriptive Norms to Buy Healthy Foods |
3.4; 3.4; 3.4; 3.4 | — |
| SECONDARY Injunctive Norms to Buy Foods With Low Climate Impact |
3.4; 3.4; 3.4; 3.2 | — |
| SECONDARY Descriptive Norms to Buy Foods With Low Climate Impact |
2.8; 2.9; 2.8; 2.7 | — |
Summary
The study aims to determine whether viewing health or climate labels (or both) and receiving recommendations for healthier or more climate-friendly swaps (or both) in an online grocery store environment improves the healthfulness and reduces the carbon footprint of consumers' food and beverage purchases compared to shopping as usual without swap recommendations. The online store will record participants' food selections. Participants will also be asked to complete survey measures.
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- Aged 18 years or older
- Reside in the United States
- Able to complete a survey in English
- Have internet access to complete the 3 online study visits
Exclusion Criteria
- Under the age of 18
- Reside outside of the United States
- Unable to complete a survey in English
- Do not have internet access to complete the 3 online study visits
Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06648226). Outcome figures and adverse-event rates are extracted automatically from the registry's posted results and are provided for clinician reference, not as a substitute for the primary publication.