Can cervical cancer treatment cause new Type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis?
Cervical cancer treatment, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as cadonilimab, can rarely cause new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This happens because these drugs boost the immune system to fight cancer, but can also mistakenly attack the pancreas's insulin-producing cells. While uncommon, this side effect can be life-threatening if not recognized early. Doctors monitor patients on ICIs for signs of high blood sugar and DKA.
What the research says
A case report describes an 81-year-old woman with cervical cancer who developed DKA after multiple cycles of cadonilimab, a dual-target ICI. She had no prior diabetes history, and her blood glucose was controlled with insulin and fluids, confirming ICI-induced T1DM 58. This type of diabetes is rare but acute, often progressing to DKA or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state 58. A review of endocrine side effects from ICIs notes that T1DM is a rare immune-related adverse event, while thyroid issues are more common 7. Other sources discuss cell-based therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases, but do not directly address cervical cancer treatment causing T1DM 12346.
What to ask your doctor
- If I am receiving an immune checkpoint inhibitor like cadonilimab, what are the signs of high blood sugar or diabetic ketoacidosis I should watch for?
- How often will my blood sugar be checked during and after treatment?
- What should I do if I experience symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, or confusion?
- Are there any other cancer treatments that might have a lower risk of causing diabetes?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about Diabetes & Endocrinology and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.