Does a high TyG index in early pregnancy increase preeclampsia risks?
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple blood test that measures insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in early pregnancy can affect blood vessels and increase the risk of pregnancy complications. A large meta-analysis of 23 studies involving over 220,000 women found that a high TyG index in early pregnancy is significantly associated with a higher risk of developing preeclampsia 410. This means that checking the TyG index early on may help identify women who need closer monitoring.
What the research says
A 2026 meta-analysis of 23 studies (220,985 participants) showed that a high TyG index in early pregnancy is significantly linked to increased risks of several pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes 410. The analysis found that women with a high TyG index had a notably higher chance of developing preeclampsia compared to those with a low index 410. Another prospective study of 1,624 pregnant women also reported that a higher TyG index in early pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of gestational hypertension, which is closely related to preeclampsia 11. While the exact mechanism isn't fully detailed in these sources, insulin resistance is known to contribute to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which are key factors in preeclampsia development 15. The TyG index appears to be a useful early marker, but it is not a standalone diagnostic test; it should be considered alongside other risk factors and clinical assessments.
What to ask your doctor
- Should I have my TyG index measured in early pregnancy to assess my risk for preeclampsia?
- If my TyG index is high, what additional monitoring or preventive steps would you recommend?
- How does the TyG index compare with other screening tests like blood pressure or placental biomarkers for predicting preeclampsia?
- Are there lifestyle changes or treatments that can lower a high TyG index during pregnancy?
- What other risk factors for preeclampsia should I be aware of, and how can I manage them?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about OB/GYN & Women's Health and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.