Does the microbiome play a role in causing endometrial cancer according to the review?
The question asks whether the microbiome plays a role in causing endometrial cancer. According to recent reviews, there is growing evidence that an imbalance in the microbiome—particularly in the gut and reproductive tract—may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. This happens through several mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, changes in how the body processes estrogen, and effects on the immune system. While the research is still emerging, the microbiome is now considered a potential factor in endometrial cancer pathogenesis.
What the research says
A 2022 review in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology explains that the gut and genital tract microbiomes can influence estrogen-driven disorders like endometrial cancer through the 'estrobolome'—a collection of bacterial genes that affect estrogen metabolism 9. When beneficial Lactobacillus species are depleted and anaerobic bacteria like Fusobacterium and Atopobium become more common, it can lead to chronic inflammation and loss of the protective epithelial barrier 4. This dysbiosis may also alter immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment, potentially allowing cancer cells to grow 10. A 2025 review in The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research further confirms that microbial imbalance contributes to endometrial cancer through chronic inflammation, estrogen metabolism changes, and immune system effects 11. These reviews highlight that specific microbial patterns are being studied as possible biomarkers for early detection and that microbiome-based therapies, such as probiotics, are being explored as potential treatments 411.
What to ask your doctor
- Could an imbalance in my gut or vaginal microbiome increase my risk for endometrial cancer?
- Are there any tests available to check my microbiome composition?
- Would probiotics or dietary changes be helpful for reducing my risk?
- How does the microbiome interact with other risk factors like hormone levels or inflammation?
- Is there any ongoing research on microbiome-based treatments for endometrial cancer that I should know about?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about OB/GYN & Women's Health and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.