How much has the incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in women of childbearing age increased since 1990?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It is more common in women, especially those of childbearing age (15–49 years). A recent study using Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2021 found that the number of new MS cases in this group has risen sharply. The incidence increased by 48% over that period, meaning nearly half more women are being diagnosed now than three decades ago.

What the research says

A comprehensive analysis of global MS trends in women of childbearing age (WCBA) from 1990 to 2021 reported a 48% rise in incidence and a 66% increase in prevalence ³. This means both new cases and the total number of women living with MS have grown substantially. Mortality also increased by 17%, though disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) dropped by 7%, suggesting better management of the disease ³. The study used data from 204 countries and projected trends to 2040, highlighting that the burden varies by region and socioeconomic development ³. Other sources confirm that MS predominantly affects women of childbearing age, with hormonal and immunological factors playing a role ⁹¹⁰. For instance, pregnancy often reduces MS symptoms, but postpartum relapse risk is a concern ⁹¹⁰. While the exact reasons for the increase are not fully explained by these sources, the data clearly show a significant upward trend.

What to ask your doctor

• What might be causing the increase in MS diagnoses among women of childbearing age?
• How does my age and gender affect my risk or treatment options for MS?
• Are there any specific lifestyle or environmental factors I should be aware of?
• What are the latest recommendations for managing MS during pregnancy or when planning a family?
• Should I consider any additional monitoring or screening given the rising incidence in my age group?