Is there a link between the microbiome and Endometrial Cancer?

The microbiome — the community of bacteria in your gut and reproductive tract — may play a role in endometrial cancer. Studies suggest that an imbalance in these bacteria, called dysbiosis, can contribute to cancer development through chronic inflammation, immune system changes, and altered estrogen processing. While the link is still being studied, evidence points to specific bacterial changes that may increase risk.

What the research says

A 2022 review found that dysbiosis in the gut and genital tract is linked to endometrial cancer, partly through the 'estrogen-gut microbiome axis' — where certain bacteria affect estrogen levels, a key hormone in endometrial cancer ⁷. A 2025 study using Mendelian randomization (a method to test cause and effect) identified specific gut bacteria that may influence endometrial cancer risk: in Europeans, some bacteria like Marvinbryantia were protective, while others like Erysipelotrichaceae increased risk ⁸. A 2021 review explained that dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation, damage the gut barrier, and disrupt immune function, all of which may promote gynecological cancers ⁹. Another review noted that depletion of beneficial Lactobacillus species and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria like Fusobacterium are linked to cancer pathways, including immune evasion and toxin production ⁴. These findings suggest that the microbiome is not just a bystander but may actively contribute to endometrial cancer development.

What to ask your doctor

• Could my gut or vaginal microbiome affect my risk of endometrial cancer?
• Are there any tests to check my microbiome for cancer risk factors?
• Would probiotics or dietary changes be helpful for reducing my risk?
• Should I be aware of any symptoms related to microbiome imbalance?
• Is there ongoing research on microbiome-based treatments for endometrial cancer?