Is there more research on macrophage polarization for prostate cancer since 2015?
Macrophage polarization refers to how immune cells called macrophages change their function in the tumor environment. In prostate cancer, certain macrophages (M2 type) can help tumors grow and resist treatment. Since 2015, researchers have increasingly studied this process, aiming to find new ways to target it. A 2025 review confirms growing interest and identifies key research themes.
What the research says
A 2025 bibliometric review found that research on macrophage polarization in prostate cancer has grown steadily since 2015 2. Key topics include immune suppression, cytokine signaling, and therapeutic resistance. The review also noted that clinical trials are testing strategies like CSF1R inhibitors (e.g., cabiralizumab) to reprogram tumor-associated macrophages 2.
Recent studies have uncovered specific mechanisms. For example, gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids can promote prostate cancer progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization 11. Another study showed that the compound icariin may inhibit bone metastasis by suppressing tumor-associated macrophage activity 10. Additionally, the human microbiome may influence prostate cancer through M2-type macrophage polarization 9.
These findings highlight the growing understanding of macrophage polarization as a target for prostate cancer therapy. However, most research is still preclinical, and more clinical trials are needed to translate these insights into treatments.
What to ask your doctor
- Are there any clinical trials at this center testing therapies that target tumor-associated macrophages for prostate cancer?
- How might macrophage polarization affect my treatment options or prognosis?
- Should I be aware of any dietary or lifestyle factors that could influence inflammation or immune function in my prostate cancer?
- What is the current role of immunotherapy in my specific type of prostate cancer?
- Can you explain how the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells, might impact my response to hormone therapy or radiation?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about Oncology and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.