What birth defects are linked to a Zika Virus Infection during pregnancy?
When a pregnant person contracts the Zika virus, it can be passed to the fetus. This transmission can cause serious developmental problems known as congenital Zika syndrome 57. These complications primarily affect the central nervous system and physical growth of the newborn.
What the research says
Research identifies several specific birth defects linked to prenatal Zika exposure. A primary finding is microcephaly, which occurs when a baby's head is significantly smaller than expected due to abnormal brain development 35. Other common neurological issues include calcifications (hardened deposits) in the brain tissue or cerebellum, ventriculomegaly (enlarged brain cavities), and overall shrinkage or underdevelopment of the central nervous system 5.
In addition to brain-related issues, infants may be born with physical malformations. These can include arthrogryposis (a condition where joints are fused or move poorly) and neural tube defects 56. Some babies also experience intrauterine growth restriction, which means they do not grow at a normal rate while in the womb 6. Furthermore, some studies have reported links between prenatal Zika exposure and autism spectrum disorder diagnoses in children 2.
What to ask your doctor
- What specific neurological risks are associated with congenital Zika syndrome?
- How do doctors monitor fetal development if a Zika infection is suspected during pregnancy?
- What signs of microcephaly or other developmental delays should I look for in a newborn?
- Are there specific screenings available for infants showing symptoms of congenital Zika?
This question is drawn from common patient questions about OB/GYN & Women's Health and answered using cited medical research. We do not provide individualized advice.