Which genes are linked to osteoarthritis in meniscus and cartilage?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease that affects cartilage and meniscus. Researchers have identified specific genes that may increase the risk of OA in these tissues. A 2024 genomic study found that different genes are involved in meniscus and cartilage damage, highlighting that OA is a whole-joint disease. Understanding these genes could lead to better treatments.

What the research says

A comprehensive genomic analysis created the first map of gene activity in human meniscus (112 samples) and cartilage (113 samples), using whole-genome sequencing and single-nucleus multiomics ³. This study identified 27 meniscus-specific, 28 shared, and 20 cartilage-specific causal genes for OA ³. For example, meniscus-specific signals converged on the VEGFA gene, while a shared gene called CLEC18A was linked to both tissues ³. Another computational analysis of OA meniscus tissues found 85 differentially expressed mRNAs and 8 long non-coding RNAs, including genes involved in inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cartilage breakdown ⁹. That study also highlighted three genes (not named in the abstract) that were common to meniscus, synovium, and cartilage ⁹. Additionally, research on cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes (cartilage cells) showed that genes related to cholesterol efflux are important in OA progression ¹⁰. The TRPC1 gene, which helps control calcium signaling, was found to protect against cartilage breakdown and cellular senescence in OA ¹¹.

What to ask your doctor

• What do we know about my genetic risk for osteoarthritis in the meniscus or cartilage?
• Are there any genetic tests available that could help guide my treatment?
• How might genes like VEGFA or CLEC18A affect my condition?
• Could targeting specific genes or pathways be part of future treatments for my OA?
• Should I consider lifestyle changes or medications that address the genetic factors linked to OA?