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Non-coding RNAs regulate cardiac injury in COVID-19 via apoptosis and metabolic reprogrammingSmall molecules may play a role in COVID heart damage

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Key Takeaway
Consider non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in COVID-19 cardiac injury, but recognize the need for further validation.

This systematic review examines the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in cardiovascular pathology associated with COVID-19. The authors synthesize evidence that these ncRNAs participate in the occurrence and development of cardiac injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and cell communication. The review does not report pooled effect sizes or quantitative results; instead, it provides a qualitative synthesis of mechanistic pathways.

The authors note that ncRNAs hold potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precise interventions and personalized treatments in COVID-19-related cardiovascular disease. However, they acknowledge significant limitations, including challenges and unresolved mysteries regarding specific regulatory networks and clinical applications. The review does not report study population, sample size, comparator, or follow-up duration, reflecting its focus on mechanistic associations rather than clinical outcomes.

Clinicians should interpret these findings as exploratory. The evidence is based on association studies of mechanisms, not direct clinical efficacy. Further research is needed to clarify the regulatory networks and translate these findings into clinical practice.

How this fits prior evidence

This systematic review extends prior coverage by exploring molecular mechanisms underlying COVID-19-related cardiovascular injury. While prior items focused on lifestyle factors (ultra-processed food, seismic activity), lipid-lowering therapy (inclisiran), and relaxation techniques, this review addresses a gap by examining non-coding RNA regulation of apoptosis and metabolic reprogramming. It complements blood metabolomics findings by offering a different molecular perspective on risk stratification and personalized treatment.

When people catch COVID-19, the virus can cause serious damage to the heart. Scientists are looking closely at why this happens and how it affects the body's ability to heal. They found that certain molecules called non-coding RNAs—which include types like miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA—are involved in these heart injuries.

These molecules act like messengers within our cells. The research shows they influence important processes such as cell communication, how cells use energy, and whether cells undergo a programmed death called apoptosis. By influencing these three areas, these RNAs play a role in the development of cardiac injury after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

While this work highlights potential targets for future treatments and ways to track heart health, there are still many mysteries. Scientists currently face challenges in mapping out the exact networks these molecules use and how they might be used in clinical settings. For now, these findings offer a roadmap for developing more precise, personalized medical interventions.

What this means for you:
Non-coding RNAs may drive heart damage during COVID-19 by affecting cell communication and energy use.

Common questions

What are non-coding RNAs?

Non-coding RNAs are molecules like miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. Unlike some other types of RNA, they do not code for proteins. Instead, they help manage cell communication, metabolic reprogramming (how cells use energy), and apoptosis, which is a process where cells are programmed to die.

How do these molecules affect the heart during COVID-19?

These non-coding RNAs participate in the occurrence and development of cardiac injury after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. They do this by regulating three specific areas: cell communication, metabolic reprogramming, and apoptosis.

Can these molecules be used to treat heart issues?

These RNAs have potential as biomarkers, which are signs that help doctors track a condition, and as targets for future therapies. However, there are still many unresolved mysteries regarding their specific networks and how they can be used in clinical applications.

Study Details

Study typeSystematic review
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJul 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
SARS-CoV-2 infection not only leads to severe respiratory diseases but also has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, inducing acute cardiac injury and various long-term cardiovascular complications. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as key molecules in gene expression regulation, exhibit important regulatory roles in viral infections and cardiovascular pathological processes. Current research indicates that ncRNAs such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA participate in the occurrence and development of cardiac injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and cell communication. However, there are still many challenges and unresolved mysteries regarding their specific regulatory networks and clinical applications. This review systematically summarizes the expression changes and functional characteristics of ncRNAs in COVID-19-related cardiovascular diseases, focusing on their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and combining the latest multi-omics data and cutting-edge technologies to anticipate the development direction of precise interventions and personalized treatments.
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