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Racism in physical education is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by local contexts and invisible normsTeachers and students face racism in physical education classes

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Key Takeaway
Recognize that current physical education curricula often lack sufficient anti-racist content and training for educators.

This systematic review synthesizes 23 international publications to explore the perspectives of physical education teachers and physical education teacher education students regarding racism and anti-racism. The review identifies racism as a multifaceted phenomenon heavily influenced by local contexts, noting that whiteness often functions as an invisible norm within the educational environment.

Findings indicate that educators frequently encounter racism through both personal experiences and by witnessing students subjected to racial discrimination. The authors highlight a significant gap in current physical education curricula, which often lack sufficient anti-racist content. Consequently, educators are actively advocating for specialized training to address these systemic biases and improve inclusivity.

While the review identifies clear gaps in anti-racist training, specific limitations regarding the scope of the included literature were not reported. The findings suggest that educational programs may need to incorporate more robust anti-racist frameworks to support both students and staff. The results provide a basis for developing more inclusive curriculum designs in physical education settings.

Physical education is more than just sports and exercise. For many students and teachers, it is a space where racism can occur. A review of international research shows that teachers often face racism personally or witness their students being treated unfairly in the gym or on the field.

One major finding is that "whiteness" often acts as an invisible norm in current physical education programs. This means the standard way of teaching might not account for the diverse experiences of all students. Because of this, many educators feel that current curriculums do not have enough anti-racist content to support everyone.

Teachers are now pushing for better training to address these biases. While the research highlights a clear need for more inclusive training, it also shows that racism is a complex issue shaped by local environments. Educators want tools to help them create a safer, more welcoming environment for every student.

What this means for you:
Physical education teachers report a need for more anti-racist training to address racism in their classrooms.

Common questions

What kind of racism do physical education teachers face?

Teachers experience racism in two main ways. They face it through their own personal experiences and by witnessing their students being subjected to racism. The research shows that racism in these settings is a complex issue shaped by local contexts.

What are the gaps in current physical education training?

Many educators find that current physical education curriculums lack enough anti-racist content. They are advocating for specific training to help them identify and address biases that currently go unaddressed in the standard curriculum.

What is the role of whiteness in physical education?

The research highlights that whiteness often operates as an invisible norm in physical education. This means that the standard way of teaching may not always account for diverse perspectives, leading to a need for more inclusive content.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedOct 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
While Physical Education (PE) can combat racism, it also risks perpetuating racist attitudes and behaviors. The aim of this study is to analyze international literature on racism and anti-racism in the context of PE through teachers' and physical education teacher students' (PETE) perspectives. Guided by PRISMA, the systematic review follows a four-step process: (1) searching nine databases using 70 keyword combinations, (2) applying five inclusion criteria, (3) assessing study quality, and (4) conducting template and reflexive thematic analyses. Of the 3,346 publications identified, 23 were included in the analysis. Four themes were constructed through thematic analysis: (i) “How racism is understood”, (ii) “Perspectives of PE Teachers and PETE Students”, (iii) “Unveiling Whiteness”, and (iv) “Addressing Gaps in Anti-Racist training.” Analysis reveals that racism in PE is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by local contexts, with whiteness operating as an invisible norm. Teachers are confronted with racism both through their own experiences and through witnessing students being subjected to racism. Some educators advocate for anti-racism training to address biases and systemic inequities, yet current PE curricula lack sufficient anti-racist content.
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