Oncolytic viruses show promise for improving lung cancer survival outcomes via multifaceted anti-cancer mechanisms.

This systematic review investigated the multifaceted anti-cancer mechanisms of oncolytic viruses (OVs), including the induction of apoptosis, immunogenic cell death, and neoantigen presentation. The review also examined combinatorial strategies, such as OV-based immunotherapy and targeted therapies, within the context of lung cancer treatment.

The comparator group consisted of current primary therapeutic modalities, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The main finding indicates that leveraging OVs in lung cancer therapy holds substantial promise for improving patient survival outcomes. However, the primary outcome and specific secondary outcomes were not reported in the provided data.

Safety and tolerability data, including adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, and general tolerability, were not reported. Consequently, the profile of safety and the extent of discontinuations due to treatment-related toxicity remain unknown based on this review. The review did not report specific limitations, funding sources, or potential conflicts of interest.

The practice relevance of this evidence is to inform the optimization of OV-based therapeutic regimens for lung cancer. Given the lack of reported safety data and specific patient populations, clinicians should interpret these findings with caution. Further research with detailed safety reporting and defined populations is necessary before broad clinical adoption.