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Systematic review and meta-analysis of HPV vaccine awareness and uptake in CameroonOnly 22.9 percent of Cameroon participants received the HPV vaccine despite high awareness among doctors

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Key Takeaway
Note marked disparities in HPV vaccine uptake and awareness across regions in Cameroon.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates HPV vaccine awareness, willingness to vaccinate, recommendation practices, and actual uptake among populations in Cameroon. Data were pooled across 33 studies with a total sample size of 8,175 participants. The analysis focuses on cervical cancer prevention contexts within this specific setting.

The pooled prevalence of willingness to vaccinate was 68.1% (95% CI: 57.4-77.2) based on 4,993 participants. HPV vaccine awareness was reported in 41.3% (95% CI: 28.7-55.1) of the total 8,175 participants. Two-thirds of participants, specifically 67.7% (95% CI: 50.7-81.0) of 1,617 respondents, reported recommending the vaccine. Actual uptake among 9,686 participants was 22.9% (95% CI: 6.9-54.5).

Willingness to vaccinate declined from 74.2% before 2014 to 57.5% after 2021. Healthcare worker awareness was 74.5% and willingness was 77.8%. Lack of HPV knowledge was associated with nearly three-fold higher hesitancy (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.06-3.22). The authors highlight marked disparities across regions and populations as a limitation. Addressing knowledge gaps and strengthening context-specific vaccination strategies are needed to improve coverage.

Cervical cancer remains a serious threat for women in many places. A large review of data from Cameroon shows that getting the HPV vaccine is not happening fast enough. The study looked at what people know, what they want, and what they actually do.

Most people heard of the vaccine, but only 41.3 percent knew enough about it. Willingness to get vaccinated started high but dropped over time. By 2021, fewer people wanted the shot than before 2014. This shift matters because it slows down protection for women.

Doctors are on the front lines. Two-thirds of healthcare workers said they would recommend the vaccine. Even among medical staff, willingness was high at 77.8 percent. Yet, actual vaccination rates stayed low at 22.9 percent. This gap between knowing the vaccine is good and getting it is a major problem.

The review found that not knowing about HPV makes people much more likely to hesitate. Those with less knowledge were nearly three times as likely to be unsure about the vaccine. To fix this, communities need better education and strategies that fit local needs.

The study combined results from 33 different studies involving over 8,000 people. While the data comes from many sources, differences between regions make it hard to draw one simple conclusion. Still, the message is clear: we must close the knowledge gap to save lives.

What this means for you:
Better education and local strategies are needed to boost HPV vaccine use in Cameroon.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
Sample sizen = 4,993
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedApr 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a key strategy for cervical cancer elimination. In Cameroon, HPV vaccine was introduced into the expanded program on immunization in 2020. However, synthesized evidence on vaccine acceptability is needed to guide policy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine awareness, willingness to vaccinate, recommendation practices, and actual uptake in Cameroon, and to identify determinants of vaccine hesitancy. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and African Journals Online from studies to January 2025. Studies reporting willingness to vaccinate, awareness, recommendation, and uptake of HPV vaccine were included. Pooled prevalence estimates and odds ratios were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The study was reported following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO ID: CRD420261301213. Results: Thirty-three studies were included. The pooled prevalence of willingness to vaccinate was 68.1% (95% CI: 57.4-77.2; 12 studies; n = 4,993; I2 = 98%), while HPV vaccine awareness was 41.3% (95% CI: 28.7-55.1; 33 studies; n = 8,175 participants; I2 = 98%). Two-thirds of participants (67.7%; 95% CI: 50.7-81.0; 8 studies; n = 1,617) reported recommending the vaccine, but actual uptake was only 22.9% (95% CI: 6.9-54.5; 9 studies; n = 9,686). Willingness significantly declined from 74.2% before 2014 to 57.5% after 2021. Healthcare workers had the highest awareness (74.5%) and willingness (77.8%). Lack of HPV knowledge was associated with nearly three-fold higher hesitancy (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 2.06-3.22). Conclusions: Despite moderate willingness, HPV vaccine awareness and uptake remain low in Cameroon, with marked disparities across regions and populations. Addressing knowledge gaps and strengthening context-specific vaccination strategies are needed to improve coverage.
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