Mode
Text Size
Log in / Sign up

Protein plus probiotic supplementation improves physical performance with Hedges g of 0.45 in adultsProbiotics plus protein may boost physical performance

AI-generated summary of the cited source, checked by automated accuracy review. How we work

Key Takeaway
Consider protein plus probiotic supplementation to improve physical performance and muscular endurance in adults.

This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of protein plus probiotic supplementation compared to placebo or protein alone in a population of 679 adults. The primary outcome of physical performance showed a positive estimate with an effect size of Hedges' g: 0.45 (95% HDI: 0.21 to 0.67). Secondary outcomes including muscle strength and muscular endurance also showed signals of benefit, though specific effect sizes were not reported for these metrics.

Regarding body composition, the results were close to null with a Hedges' g of 0.02 (95% HDI: -0.14 to 0.20). However, lean mass or muscle mass was identified as the most consistent signal for body composition changes. The authors noted that evidence for broad body-composition changes remains limited.

Clinical application should be tempered by significant outcome heterogeneity and various study-level limitations. While the combination may support physical performance and specific muscular metrics, the impact on overall body composition is not clearly established. Results should be interpreted with caution due to these inherent limitations in the pooled data.

How this fits prior evidence

This meta-analysis addresses a gap in understanding how nutritional supplements affect physical performance in adults. While previous evidence showed probiotics may improve sleep quality and manage symptoms in allergic rhinitis or knee osteoarthritis, this finding specifically extends the utility of probiotic combinations for physical performance and muscle strength. The results regarding body composition remain less certain than the findings for physical performance.

If you take protein supplements to build muscle or improve your fitness, adding probiotics might give you an extra edge. A new analysis of existing research suggests that combining protein with probiotics can boost physical performance, including muscle strength and endurance.

The analysis looked at data from 679 adults who took a protein-plus-probiotic supplement, compared with those who took a placebo, protein alone, or other controls. The results showed a moderate improvement in physical performance overall. However, changes in body composition, like lean mass or muscle mass, were less clear. The evidence for muscle strength and endurance was promising but not definitive.

It's important to note that the studies varied widely in how they measured outcomes, and the analysis had limitations. The findings suggest a potential benefit, but more research is needed to confirm how well this combination works for different people.

What this means for you:
Protein plus probiotics may improve physical performance, but body composition benefits are uncertain.

Common questions

Does taking probiotics with protein help build muscle?

The analysis found that protein-plus-probiotic supplementation improved physical performance, but evidence for changes in lean mass or muscle mass was limited. Muscle strength and endurance showed signals of benefit, but more research is needed.

Who was included in this study?

The analysis included 679 adults. The specific age range or health status was not reported, so it's unclear if results apply to all adults. Talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement.

What were the side effects of taking probiotics with protein?

The analysis did not report any information on side effects, serious adverse events, or tolerability. Without this data, it's hard to know if the combination is safe for everyone.

How is this different from taking protein alone?

The analysis compared protein-plus-probiotic supplementation to placebo, protein alone, or other controls. The results suggest that adding probiotics may provide additional benefits for physical performance, but the evidence is not strong enough to recommend it over protein alone.

Study Details

Study typeMeta analysis
EvidenceLevel 1
PublishedJun 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundProtein supplementation is widely used to support muscle adaptation. Probiotics may also improve nutrient use, gut health, and recovery. However, evidence on their combined effects remains inconsistent. This study examined the effects of protein-plus-probiotic supplementation on physical performance and body composition using Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis.MethodThis review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO and conducted according to PRISMA. Randomized controlled trials in adults were identified through systematic database searches, with screening supported by ASReview and Covidence. Studies were included if they compared protein-plus-probiotic supplementation with placebo, protein alone, or other relevant controls, and reported outcomes on physical performance or body composition. Effect sizes were calculated as Hedges’ g. Bayesian multilevel models were used to account for dependent effect sizes within studies.ResultTwenty studies with 679 participants were included. The posterior estimate was positive for physical performance [Hedges’ g: 0.45, 95% HDI: 0.21 to 0.67], whereas the estimate for body composition was close to null [Hedges’ g: 0.02, 95% HDI: −0.14 to 0.20]. Signals of benefit were observed for muscle strength, muscular endurance, and lean mass, although these findings should be interpreted in light of outcome heterogeneity and study-level limitations.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests selective signals of benefit for protein-plus-probiotic supplementation. The intervention may be associated with better physical performance, particularly muscle strength and muscular endurance, whereas evidence for broad body-composition changes remains limited. For body composition, the most consistent signal was observed for lean mass or muscle mass. Further high-quality randomized trials are needed to clarify whether these signals are reproducible across probiotic strains, protein types, delivery forms, and populations.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251165192, Registered at the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO; CRD420251165192).
Free Newsletter

Clinical research that matters. Delivered to your inbox.

Join thousands of clinicians and researchers. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.