Socioeconomic factors in Ekiti State, Nigeria, show urban-rural differences in diet and nutrition.
This descriptive cross-sectional survey examined socioeconomic factors among 350 adults residing in selected urban and rural communities within Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study compared these two populations to evaluate variations in income, education, household conditions, and nutritional status.
Urban respondents demonstrated higher education levels, with 48.8% holding tertiary degrees, compared to rural counterparts. Conversely, rural households relied more heavily on farming for dependency, accounting for 35.0% of the rural profile. Income disparities were also evident, as 62.0% of rural households reported incomes below 70,000 Naira.
Dietary patterns varied significantly by location. Urban diets favored legumes at 58.4% and cereals at 56.0%. In contrast, rural diets were predominated by sugar and honey at 90.0% and roots and tubers at 71.0%. Nutritional knowledge was reported as higher in urban areas. Regarding nutritional status, 20.4% of urban and 22.0% of rural respondents were underweight. Combined overweight and obesity affected 18.4% of urban and 25.0% of rural participants.
The study did not report adverse events, discontinuations, or specific tolerability issues. Key limitations include the cross-sectional design, which precludes causal inference, and the reliance on self-reported or survey-derived data without detailed p-values or confidence intervals provided in the source text. Practice relevance suggests that state-specific interventions are necessary to address both food insecurity and emerging diet-related chronic disease risks in this region.
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