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Cross-sectional study links iodine nutritional status and demographic factors to low handgrip strength in Chinese adultsIs too much iodine linked to weaker grip strength in older adults living in China?

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Key Takeaway
Note that excessive iodine and advanced age correlate with low handgrip strength in this cross-sectional cohort, though causality cannot be inferred.

This cross-sectional study evaluated 810 community-dwelling adults residing in Lanzhou, China, to investigate the relationship between iodine nutritional status and low handgrip strength (LGS). The primary exposure was urinary iodine concentration (UIC), assessed alongside demographic and clinical variables. The study aimed to identify risk factors for LGS and explore potential dose-response relationships.

The analysis revealed that 18.8% of participants had LGS. Several factors were inversely associated with LGS, including female sex (OR = 0.34), greater height (OR = 0.94), and excessive iodine (OR = 0.36). Conversely, older age was positively correlated with LGS odds; specifically, participants aged 60–74 years had an OR of 2.20, while those aged ≥75 years had an OR of 9.73. Other positive correlates included smoking (OR = 3.20) and systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02 per unit).

Subgroup analyses suggested that inverse associations between iodine and LGS were most evident among euthyroid participants. Unadjusted analyses indicated a U-shaped association between UIC and LGS. A predictive nomogram demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC: 0.723 in the training cohort; AUC: 0.662 in the validation cohort) and good calibration (Brier scores: 0.134 and 0.147, respectively; Hosmer-Lemeshow p > 0.05). No adverse events or safety data were reported as the study was observational.

Key limitations include the cross-sectional design, which precludes causal inferences. The U-shaped association and specific risk factors require further investigation in longitudinal cohorts. Clinicians should note that while the nomogram offers a practical tool for identifying individuals at high probability of LGS in community settings, these results cannot establish that iodine status directly causes changes in muscle strength.

Imagine trying to open a jar or lift a grocery bag and finding your hands simply not having the power they used to. For many older adults, this loss of grip strength is a warning sign of broader health issues. A recent look at 810 people living in Lanzhou, China, tried to understand what makes this weakness happen. The study focused on whether the amount of iodine in the body played a role, alongside other common factors like age and smoking.

The results showed a surprising pattern. People with excessive iodine levels were actually more likely to have weak grip strength. Women and taller individuals also faced higher odds of this weakness. The risk jumped significantly for those aged 75 and older, as well as for smokers and people with higher blood pressure. Interestingly, the link between iodine and weakness seemed strongest in people with normal thyroid function.

However, there is a major catch to keep in mind. This research was a snapshot in time, meaning it captured everyone at just one moment. Because of this design, we cannot say that high iodine causes weak hands. We also cannot say that fixing iodine levels will fix the weakness. The study did build a tool to help identify who is at risk, but we must be careful not to assume cause and effect where the study design does not allow it.

What this means for you:
High iodine levels and other factors like age and smoking were linked to weaker grip strength, but this study cannot prove iodine causes the problem.

Study Details

Study typeCohort
EvidenceLevel 3
PublishedApr 2026
View Original Abstract ↓
BackgroundGrip strength is a key marker for sarcopenia screening, yet the influence of iodine nutritional status on low grip strength (LGS) remains poorly understood.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed 810 community-dwelling adults in Lanzhou, China, randomly assigned to training (n = 568) and validation (n = 242) cohorts. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with LGS. A nomogram integrating urinary iodine concentration (UIC), systolic blood pressure (SP), and routine clinical variables was constructed. Model performance was evaluated using ROC curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and Brier scores. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis assessed the dose–response relationship between UIC and LGS, with subgroup analyses by thyroid function.ResultsLGS prevalence was 18.8% in the training cohort. Multivariate analysis showed female sex (OR = 0.34), greater height (OR = 0.94), and excessive iodine (OR = 0.36) were inversely associated with LGS, whereas age (60–74 years: OR = 2.20; ≥75 years: OR = 9.73), smoking (OR = 3.20), and SP (OR = 1.02) correlated with higher LGS odds. The nomogram demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC: 0.723 training, 0.662 validation) with good calibration (Brier scores: 0.134 training, 0.147 validation; H-L p > 0.05). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped association between UIC and LGS in unadjusted analyses, with the inverse associations most evident among euthyroid participants.ConclusionThe nomogram provides a practical, objective tool for early identification of individuals at high probability of LGS. Moderate-to-high UIC is associated with LGS odds, particularly in euthyroid adults. This model may guide targeted screening and interventions in community settings. In the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn; Further research is warranted to elucidate these complex relationships.
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