Late Wilms tumor recurrence observed 32 years after diagnosis in a single case report.

This systematic review examined a single case report involving a one-year-old female patient diagnosed with bilateral, favorable-histology Wilms tumor. The patient underwent a treatment regimen that included chemotherapy, observation with serial imaging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, left partial nephrectomy, right radical nephrectomy, and adjuvant radiation therapy. The setting and specific institutional details were not reported in the available data.

The primary outcome assessed was the late recurrence of Wilms tumor. The disease-free interval prior to this late recurrence was 32 years after the initial diagnosis. No specific adverse events, serious adverse events, discontinuations, or tolerability data were reported for this single case. The review did not provide p-values, confidence intervals, or absolute numbers beyond the single case description.

Key limitations of this evidence include the small sample size of one case and the lack of a control group or comparator. As an observational case report, causal inferences regarding treatment efficacy or recurrence risk cannot be drawn. The practice relevance highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management in this rare clinical scenario of late recurrence of Wilms tumor. Clinicians should recognize that late recurrences can occur decades after initial treatment, necessitating extended follow-up protocols for survivors of favorable-histology Wilms tumor.